さらに続報・安土城と大坂城の天守は…
今回も、『天守指図』の新解釈によって、ある “妙な符合” が出現するというお話です。
土屋純一先生の復元案 古川重春先生の復元案
安土城天主の復元研究において、諸先生方が苦慮された難問の一つが「天主台の広さ」でした。
例えば上記の二案は、土屋純一先生と古川重春先生が昭和初期に行った復元ですが、今日ではやや奇異に見えるほど平面規模の大きな(太った)建築になっています。
天主台の広さについての記録は、織田信長の家臣・村井貞勝らの天主拝見に基づく『安土日記』の本文には無く、のちに成立した『信長記』『信長公記』類の該当条目の冒頭に「二重 石くらの上 廣さ北南へ廿間 東西へ十七間」とあります。
上記二案はこの記録に基づいた復元です。
ところがその後、発掘調査で明らかになった天主台の遺構は、それほど広くなく、東西十七間(六尺五寸間で約33m)はまだしも、南北二十間(同じく約39m)はとても遺構内に納まらず、研究者を悩ませる結果になったのです。
以後、この難問を解くため、様々な “解釈” が登場することになりました。一例を挙げますと…
(宮上茂隆『国華』第998号「安土城天主の復原とその史料に就いて(上)」より)
今実測図上で調べると、「北南へ廿間」は、西辺とそれに連なる西北の辺を合わせた長さに、「東西へ十七間」は、南辺とそれに続く南東辺を合わせた長さに、それぞれほぼ一致する。
…… こうしたややこしい状況が今日まで続くわけですが、前々回からご紹介の、安土城と大坂城の天守は相似形、という考え方に立ちますと、この歴史的な難問に対して、ヘッ?と足をすくわれるような “妙な符合” が現れるのです。
天主台は南北と東西の寸法が逆??
ご覧のとおり「北南へ廿間 東西へ十七間」ではなく、『天守指図』の新解釈からは、南北と東西を入れ替えた寸法にピッタリ納まる天主台が、柱間どおりの七尺間で自然に導かれるのです。
これには、天主台上の空き地を堂々と寸法にカウントできる、という条件の変化が大きく寄与しています。
とりわけ上図の赤い矢印で示した箇所がミソであり、ここは石蔵入口の南側石垣が手前に鋭角に張り出していたわけですが、従来、その張り出し方は、下のイラストのように三段階で低くなっていたという理解が一般化して来ました。
学研『歴史群像 名城シリーズ3 安土城』
このイラストの段差は、内藤昌先生が天主台調査後に発表した “立体的復元” を踏襲したものです。
内藤先生は手前の一番低い段について、「登閣御門前を本丸側より遮蔽するための構成と考定できる」(内藤昌『復元・安土城』1994)とされましたが、その高さを断定する材料が無いことも暗に認めておられます。
ですから、表紙のイラストほどに急激に低くはならず、仮に段差があったとしても “同じ天主台上” と見える程度のものであれば、それらを含めて「東西二十間」とカウントできた可能性は高いと思われます。
したがって「南北十七間 東西二十間」であれば、実際の遺構とも、大いに合致する可能性がありうるわけなのです。
文献の研究においては、南北と東西を入れ替えるなど “邪道” と見えるかもしれません。
しかし「安土城と大坂城の天守は相似形」という考え方では、天主台上の空き地の存在感が実に大きく、石蔵入口の横の石垣に注目するのは、ごく自然な発想と申せましょう。
かくして、歴史的に『安土日記』以外の文献(『信長記』等)が判を押したように冒頭に掲げてきた数値が、実は、南北と東西の入れ替えだけで、現状の遺構にぴったりと合致する可能性が出て来た…
この “妙な符合” をどうお感じになりますでしょうか?
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