たった４坪だった？安土城天主の六重目

安土城天主 323件のコメント

たった４坪だった？安土城天主の六重目

今回からいよいよ、新解釈『天守指図』の四重目から上、最上階までを順次、ご紹介してまいります。

静嘉堂文庫蔵『天守指図』より

池上右平の重大な “加筆” が疑われる『天守指図』ですが、ご覧のように、二重目と三重目については、原資料（安土城天主の設計図の写し）に比較的、忠実な図である可能性を申し上げました。

では、その上の「四重目」はどうかと申しますと、これがまた“問題山積”なのです。

静嘉堂文庫蔵『天守指図』四重目

まず図の中央に、吹き抜け空間を南北に渡る「橋」が描かれていて、ちょうど通柱（「本柱」）の上に架けられた形ですが、これは、せっかくの通柱が単独で「橋」を支えるだけの構造になっており、やはり理解に苦しむものです。

また当ブログの『天守指図』新解釈においては、「高さ１２間余の蔵」がはるか六重目まで達していた可能性があり、四重目に「橋」を考える余地はありません。

そして、いっそう大きな難点と思われるのが、「間」という言葉の意味の取り違えであり、宮上茂隆先生は次のように問題点を指摘されました。（※文中の「三階」は四重目のこと。『指図』は『天守指図』のこと）
　
　
（宮上茂隆『国華』第９９９号「安土城天主の復原とその史料に就いて（下）」）

それは三階に関し、『信長記』が「十二間」と記す室を、『指図』がすべて「十二畳」の広さに描いている点である。この『信長記』における「間」というのは長さを意味する場合のように「ケン」と読むのではなく、「マ」と読む。それが意味するところは一間（ケン）×一間（ケン）の広さ、すなわち今日いう一坪なのである。したがって「十二間（マ）」とあったら、畳敷にして二十四畳敷の広さがなければならない。
　

つまり南側（図では上）の「竹ノ間」「松ノ間」と書き込みのある部屋は、『信長記』類の「南十二間」「次十二間」という語句に従うなら、それぞれ倍の広さでなければならなかったわけです。

以上のような批判は、『天守指図』四重目について、二つの可能性を示しているように思われます。

１．一重目と同様、四重目もまるごと池上右平の “加筆” だった？
２．本来の四重目は、三重目とほぼ同じ平面ではないのか？

つまり「原資料」は一見、四重目の図が欠けたようでいながら、実は（三重目と同じ平面のため）省略しただけかもしれない、という考え方もありそうなのです。

現に、東の張り出しの上に問題の「次十二間」（松の間）を見立てますと、『信長記』類の四重目の記述にある部屋は、すべて『天守指図』三重目の図に（若干の部屋割り変更だけで）当てはめることが出来ます。
　
　
さて、そのような考え方に立ちますと、七重分の図が揃わない「原資料」も、それはそれで “十分に完結した” 書き方であったようにも思えてきます。

となると、原資料とは、一つの図で複数の階を表すような “略図” の類だったのかもしれません。

そこで本日のメインテーマ、「五重目」「六重目」の話にようやく入れるわけですが、ズバリ結論から申しまして、下の「五重目」の図は、「六重目」もいっぺんに表現した図ではないかと思われるのです。

すなわち、この中に、六重目の “八角ノ段” も描かれている（！）というわけなのです。

静嘉堂文庫蔵『天守指図』五重目

この図に正八角形は無く、これまで数多の復元案においてトレードマークのようだった「八角ノ段（八角円堂）」は存在しません。

しかし別の解釈による「八角ノ段」が隠れているのです。

何をフザケたことを！！とお感じになるかもしれませんが、ここで重要な論拠が二つありまして、一つは先に挙げた「間」という言葉の問題です。

（宮上茂隆先生の前記著書より）

『信長記』における「間」というのは長さを意味する場合のように「ケン」と読むのではなく、「マ」と読む。それが意味するところは一間（ケン）×一間（ケン）の広さ、すなわち今日いう一坪なのである。
　
　
そこで『信長記』類の六重目の記述をご覧下さい。（※階の上下を逆に数える『安土日記』では「二重目」の記述が六重目に該当する）
　
　
岡山大学蔵『信長記』
六重め八角四間程有 外柱ハ朱也 内柱ハ皆金也 …

尊経閣文庫蔵『安土日記』
二重目八角四間ほと有 外柱ハ朱 内柱皆金也 …
　
　
先の宮上先生の指摘に従うなら、四重目において「間」を「マ」と読んで「１坪」の広さと解釈したのですから、六重目においても「間」は「マ」と読んで、「六重目は八角、４坪ほど有り」と堂々と解釈すべきだったのではないでしょうか？？

たった４坪しか無かった六重目。しかも八角…

まさか！？とお感じになるかもしれませんが、この文献史料の情報どおりに「六重目はたった４坪しか無かった」とすることも、『天守指図』新解釈では可能であり、まさにそのように “図示” されているのです。

次回は、この「安土城天主に八角円堂は無かった」という、暴論すれすれの大テーマでお話したいと存じます。

何故なら、日本の城郭研究のパイオニア・城戸久先生がこんな発言をしたことがあり、私も長い間、同じ疑問を感じて来たからです。
　
　
（城戸久『城と民家』１９７２年より）

特に六重目の「八角四間有、外柱は朱也」とあるのは、もっとも問題のところである。八角は文字通り、八角形と解すると、まことに異様な外形となる。もし、安土城の上層が、八角形であったとすれば、それが後世に、何等かの影響を与えてもよいはずである。
　
　
日本の城郭史上、安土城天主のほかに、正八角形（八角円堂）を組み込んだと思しき天守が、一つも無かったことは、ご承知のとおりです。…
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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