ろくろ首のプロポーションは何故なのか

安土城天主 138件のコメント

ろくろ首のプロポーションは何故なのか

「やりだすとドウニモ止まらない」というのは、人間の悪い性癖の一つで、こんな感情は押さえ込んだ方が、世の中を穏便(おんびん)に渡って行くうえで大切な「肝要」だと思うのですが、今回もまたヤッてしまうことに致します…。

と申しますのも、今度は「安土城天主」に関わる事柄で、どうにも “気になって仕方の無い新刊雑誌” がもう一つ、出現したからです。

松山城天守の破風の鉄砲狭間

… ですが、その前に、前回の記事で「天守は基本的に平時のための建築ではないか」というお話をさせていただいたものの、それにしては、天守にも写真のような鉄砲狭間があるのは可笑しいではないか？ というご意見があるのかもしれません。

この松山城天守の場合、破風の内側に二人分の座れるスペースがあって、その前に鉄砲狭間が二つ設けてあり、そこから敵兵を狙撃できる形になっています。こうした備えを見る限り、天守も、それなりの戦闘能力があったように感じられます。

特筆すべき例としては、織田信長の重臣・柴田勝家の北ノ庄城天守は、それ自体にも相当な防御力（鉄砲の火力）を備えていたという指摘が、過去に某誌上であったように記憶しております。

また松江城天守では、敵兵が天守入口を突破した後も、なお天守内部の奥から銃撃できる仕掛けがあったりもします。
　
　
―― それにしても、上記の例は、いずれも “最後の抵抗を試みる” ための工夫であって、歴史上、敵勢が本丸になだれ込み、天守だけが孤立したような状況で、そこから大逆転で勝利できたという、奇蹟のような事例は存在しません。

やはり天守だけで殺到する敵勢をはね返すのは不可能であって、上記の様々な工夫は、せいぜい城主一族が自刃するまでの「時間稼ぎ」が目的であったとしか考えられないのです。

さて、冒頭で申し上げた、気になって仕方の無い新刊雑誌とは、ご覧の『歴史スペシャル』２０１０年２月号（世界文化社）です。

創刊号だけに、かなり力のこもった印象でまとめられ、そうした中の特集の一つとして、安土城天主の歴代の復元案がフカン的に特集されています。

記事の執筆者は、内藤昌案については女流時代劇研究家のペリー荻野さん、宮上茂隆案については竹林舎建築研究所を継いだ木岡敬雄さん、西ヶ谷恭弘案は先生ご自身が筆を取られ、佐藤大規案は広島大学大学院の三浦正幸先生が筆を取られる、という豪華なラインナップです。
　
　
で、内藤案・宮上案は先生ご本人の執筆がかなわぬのは致し方無いとしても、全体の印象として、佐藤案が時系列的に一番最後になるため、これだけが他案からの批判・検証を受けずに済んでいる、というイメージが否めません。

「後から走る者の優位性」と言えばそれまでですが、このままでは、どこかフェアでないようにも感じられ、例えばこの後に、執筆者たちの対談（トークバトル）のコーナーでもあれば、緊張感が走り、さぞや盛り上がった事だろうと感じました。
　
　
まさに安土城天主をめぐる現下の状況は、各々がリングコーナーに引き篭もって、シャドーボクシングに明け暮れているかのようです。

もっとマスコミ側の仕掛けが必要か？と自問自答する前に、当ブログで出来る事を、まずヤッてしまおう、と思います。

そこで――「どこかフェアでない」部分の解消のため、手前勝手に（内藤先生や宮上先生に成り代わって）佐藤案に対する印象を挙げてみることにいたします。
　
　
とは申しても、色々と挙げても恐縮ですので、ここは一点だけ、各地の天守を見慣れた方ならば、きっと誰もが感じておられる…

＜あの「ろくろ首」のようなプロポーションは 何故なのか？＞

という一点に焦点を当ててみたいと思います。

佐藤大規案の天主東西面のシルエット

デアゴスティーニの模型が完成しますと如実に分かるとおり、この天主は、東西の両側から眺めた時、望楼部が急に細長く立ち上がっています。

何故このようなプロポーションになったのか？ …まずは復元の説明文で触れられている「岡山城天守」を比較検討してみる必要がありそうです。

岡山城天守と佐藤案のシルエット

ご覧のとおり、これは何か、佐藤案の復元の秘密をのぞいてしまっているような感もありますが、（両者の縮尺を無視して）天守台とその上の初重・二重目をピッタリと重ねてみますと、岡山城天守の二重目の大屋根（入母屋屋根）は、佐藤案の大屋根とほぼ同じ位置に来ます。

しかしその上はまるで別物のようで、岡山城天守はさらに四重目の入母屋屋根が載ったうえに、五重目（最上階）があるのに対し、佐藤案はそうした二段目の入母屋屋根の替わりに「八角円堂」の屋根と構造体があるため、急激に細くならざるをえません。

また余談ながら、その「八角円堂」の屋根が、岡山城天守の唐破風のある葺き降し屋根とほぼ同じ位置にあるのは、何かのご愛嬌なのでしょうか？

松江城天守と佐藤案のシルエット

次いで、三浦先生が別の著作で注目されている「松江城天守」と比べても、同じような現象が見て取れます。

松江城天守は二重目の大屋根の上に、それと直交する大ぶりな「張り出し」があって、佐藤案も同じ位置に、直交する三層目の屋根（張り出し）を設けています。

しかしその上はやはり別物で、松江城天守がある程度、規則的な逓減（ていげん）を保って四重目・五重目を重ねているのに対し、佐藤案はいきなり「八角円堂」になり、その上にほぼ同じ規模の最上階を載せています。
　
　
こうして見ますと、佐藤案は、説明文でせっかく岡山城天守や松江城天守という参考例を挙げていたのですから、その天守デザインの奥義を “もう少し素直（すなお）に” 受け入れても良かったのではないでしょうか…。

仮に「八角円堂」を採用するとしても、例えばその南北に “二段目の入母屋屋根” を付設する等々の工夫をしていたら、あの「ろくろ首」のようなプロポーションは避けられたように思われるのです。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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“ろくろ首のプロポーションは何故なのか” への138件のコメント

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