宮上案vs佐藤案は勝負がつかない


宮上案vs佐藤案は勝負がつかない

前回ご紹介した『歴史スペシャル』2010年2月号は、安土城天主の歴代復元案の “公平性” 云々という観点だけでなく、各論の “相違点” を見比べてみても、実に面白いポイントがいくつも見つかります。

そこで今回は、特に <宮上茂隆案vs佐藤大規案> の比較において、天主台石垣の上に、天主がいかに載っていたかをめぐる攻防を “観戦” することにしましょう。

宮上茂隆案 vs 佐藤大規案

お馴染みの表紙イラストでご覧のとおり、左の宮上案は天主台石垣が二段式になっていて、これは『信長記』の「安土ノ殿主ハ二重石垣」という記述を具体化させたものですが、それに対して…

(三浦正幸/『歴史スペシャル』2010年2月号より)

(宮上案は)低い堤防状の穴蔵石垣を天主台の内側に引き込めて設け、整然とした四角形平面の天主に復元しているが、そうであれば、低い穴蔵石垣に合わせて礎石列を並べられたはずで、現存する遺構との整合性がない。
 
 
このように、佐藤案を紹介する三浦正幸先生の文章には、宮上案への批判が含まれています。三浦先生の論点の引用は、文章が短いために分かりにくいので、図示して解説しますと…

宮上茂隆案の天主台と天主

この案を批判する三浦先生の論点というのは、ご覧のように天主台全体の八角形(七角形とも)に沿った形で、石蔵(穴蔵)の内側にも石垣が築かれているのに、なぜ宮上案は、二段目の外側の石垣がいきなり四角形になるのか… それならば、内側の石垣も四角形になったうえで、その「低い穴蔵石垣に合わせて礎石列」が縦横に並ぶはずではないのか? という点にあるのでしょう。

確かに宮上案の二段目の石垣は、イラストのごとく外観上は自然に見えますが、天主を取り払った状態で見れば、複雑きわまりないものであり、三浦先生の指摘も大いにうなずけます。

しかし宮上先生ご自身は、生前に『国華』誌上でこのようにも発言しておられます。

(宮上茂隆『国華』第998号「安土城天主の復原とその史料に就いて(上)」より)

不整八角形の天主台上に、低い石垣を矩形に築き、その上に天主木部が載っていたと思われる。また仮にそうした二重石垣でなかったとしても、天主木部と石垣外側との間には広い空地がとられていたに違いない。
 
 
つまり宮上先生は “二段目が無かった” ケースにも目配せをしていて、したがって宮上案の重心は「二段式」天主台にあったわけではなく、天主木造部と天主台石垣の間の「広い空地」の方にあったのだと言えます。

そうなりますと、佐藤案も『信長記』の「安土ノ殿主ハ二重石垣」をまったく考慮していないわけですから、この勝負、本当は両者痛み分け、というか、場外乱闘の末に両者リングアウト、という判定が妥当のようにも感じられるのです。……
 
 
いずれにしても、三浦先生の文章には次のような一文もあって、これは当代一の権威者とされる三浦先生にしては、実に恐れ多いことながら、「質疑応答」の類いが必要であるように思われます。

(三浦正幸/『歴史スペシャル』2010年2月号より)

(佐藤案は)『信長公記』に記載されている東西17間、南北20間の規模や、各階のすべての部屋割りはもとより、一階の柱数204本をはじめ各階の柱数まで完全に一致させた、初めての復元案である。
 
 
現存する天主台の遺構が、『信長記』『信長公記』類が伝える「東西17間・南北20間」になかなか当てはまらないことは、城郭マニアの間では常識の範ちゅうにあります。

ですから、この三浦先生の文章には思わず “本当か!?” と身を乗りだしてしまうわけですが、ならば今回は、発表されている佐藤案の二重目(天主台いっぱいに建つ「一階」)について、キッチリと吟味してみることにしましょう。

佐藤大規案/天主台いっぱいに建てられた天主

まずは佐藤案の二重目を、滋賀県の調査による実測図にダブらせてみますと、なんとご覧のとおり、ほぼ当てはまってしまいます…

つまり「東西17間・南北20間では無かった」はずの遺構に、ほぼ当てはまってしまうわけですから、この時点で早くも一抹の不安がよぎります。

宮上案と佐藤案/天主台の南北の規模はほとんど変わらない

―― 右側の佐藤案は、本当に「東西17間・南北20間」を実現しているのか??

そんな初歩的な疑問を感じつつ、試しに佐藤案の図面類を “定規で測って” みますと、もう何か、こちらのリアクションに困るような事態に至るのです。

皆さんも是非お試しいただきたいのですが、この作業を一番やり易いのは『よみがえる 真説 安土城』(2006年)でして、14ページにある大きめの図に定規を当ててみて下さい。

その二重目の図(この本では「一階復元平面図」と表記)は、ちょうど1間(七尺間)が1cmに当たるので定規で測りやすく、佐藤案の東西・南北の寸法がすぐに分かります。そうして測った定規の値は…

 東西15.6cm/南北17.6cm(ともに側柱の芯心間)

ですからこの数値のまま、復元の寸法も…

 東西15.6間/南北17.6間(ともに七尺間)

となり、佐藤案は少なくとも七尺間では「東西17間・南北20間」に程遠いことが分かります。
 
 
それでも京間(6尺5寸間)や田舎間(6尺間)で測った場合、そうなるのかもしれない、と気を取り直して、計算の便宜上すべて「尺」に直すため7を掛けますと…

 東西109.2尺/南北123.2尺

で、この値を6.5(京間)や6(田舎間)で割れば答えが出るわけですが、どうも様子が変なのです……

 東西 109.2÷6.5(京間)=16.8間
 南北 123.2÷6.5(京間)≒18.95間

このように京間で測った場合、東西はみごと16.8間で文献の「17間」の近似値になるものの、南北は約19間であり、これを「約20間」と言い切るのは厳しいでしょう。そこで田舎間も試してみますと…

 東西 109.2÷6(田舎間)=18.2間
 南北 123.2÷6(田舎間)≒20.53間

今度は南北がどうにか「20間」の近似値になるものの、東西は1間以上違ってしまいます。これはいったい、どうしたこと…… と言うより、こんなことは予想された通りの事態でしょう。
 
 
そこで、まさか?!と思いつつ、松江城天守などで使われている6尺3寸間(松江城での実測は6.37尺)で計算してみます。すると…

 東西 109.2÷6.3≒17.33間
 南北 123.2÷6.3≒19.55間

なんと、佐藤案の数値は、“四捨五入” すれば東西17間・南北20間に納まる値だったのです。

このように安土桃山時代に「四捨五入」が使われたのか、私は不覚にも存じません。

また天主台礎石の7尺間に対して、あえて6尺3寸間で計測することを、どう理屈づけられるのか…。

それとも、もっと別のロジック(…間数の数え方がそもそも違う?)が佐藤案にはあるのか…
 
 
佐藤案がそのあたりの「ロジック」を誌上で説明してくれないかぎり、この試合は、とても観客(読者)が判定を下せない “無効試合” になりそうなのです。
 

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票(クリック)をお願いします。
にほんブログ村 歴史ブログ 戦国時代へ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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