「腹案アリ」江戸城の現存天守台が危ない!


「腹案アリ」江戸城の現存天守台が危ない!

前回、「江戸城の貴重な現存天守台を守るべき」と申し上げましたが、それはその通りとしても、やはり東京は都市の目玉になる建造物が無い… という感想をお持ちの方は、我々日本人の間に多いようです。

にも関わらず、外国人はけっこう、欧米人が浅草や築地、アジア人がお台場や秋葉原で「日本的なもの」を充分に味わい、満足しているようですから、妙な現象です。

そこで今回は、是が非でも都心(皇居周辺)に東京の目玉が欲しい!という方々のために、特別に当サイトからの「腹案」を提示いたしましょう。
 

腹案その1「明治宮殿の再建」(写真は明治宮殿千草の間/ウィキペディアより)

現在の皇居宮殿(新宮殿)はすでに築40年を越えておりまして、近い将来、建て替えを迫られることは必定です。

そしてその時にこそ、「東京とは何ぞや」という問いにダイレクトに答えられる、和洋折衷の木造の大宮殿「明治宮殿」を再建してはどうでしょうか?

そもそも「なぜ皇居が旧江戸城の中にあるのか」という根本命題もあいまいなまま、東京の人々は毎日を暮らしていますが、そんな中で、もし東京に「明治宮殿」が復活したなら、明治天皇という人は近代日本の「武家の棟梁」も兼ねた人物であったことを、人々は改めて認識するでしょうし、日本史の大きな流れを感じられる場にもなることでしょう。

でも、この案は「城」サイトとしては、やや不本意かもしれませんので…
 

腹案その2「江戸に開府した徳川家康の初代天守(台)の発掘」

ご覧の図は『極秘諸国城図』(松江城管理事務所蔵)に描かれた江戸城で、本丸に黒々と四角く見えるのが家康時代の初代天守、いわゆる「慶長度天守」です。

ご承知のとおり、江戸城は慶長12年(1607年)頃に完成した慶長度天守から、二代目の元和度天守、三代目の寛永度天守という、三つの天守が江戸初期に矢継ぎ早に建て替えられました。

それらは位置を変えて建造されたため、家康の天守の痕跡は、おそらく今も皇居東御苑の芝生の下に眠っているはずです。

『極秘諸国城図』の本丸周辺を地図にダブらせると…


江戸城と慶長度天守の基本構想が浮かび上がる


いまは全てがこの皇居東御苑の芝生の下に…


では具体的に、どの辺りに慶長度天守は眠っているのか?

このように慶長度天守の位置は、皇居東御苑を周回する苑路と重なっていて、この苑路や芝生をはいで発掘調査を行えば、きっと地中から巨大な天守台の痕跡が姿を現すことでしょう。

前述の明治宮殿と同じく、この初代の天守跡こそ、江戸が都市として発展を始めた時代を物語る「遺物」そのものであり、これを現代の東京人が目の当たりにできる意義は大きいと申せます。
 
 
ましてや現存天守台に復元天守を(時代考証をゴマかして)載せる!などの愚挙に比べれば、どれほど価値が高いか、比べることさえ恥ずかしくなります。

そんな貴重な「江戸城創建時の遺物」が姿を現したなら、巨大なガラス屋根で覆い、いつでも見学できる施設(「家康の天守館」?「江戸タイムマシン」? ? )を整備すれば良いのではないでしょうか。

(※ただし、ご推察のとおり皇居東御苑は宮内庁の所管であり、その頑迷きわまる「障壁」はあまりに強固で、復元天守とて同じことですが、実現にどれほどの時間と手間を要するかは見当もつきません…)
 
 
では、ちなみに慶長度天守とは、どんな天守だったかと申しますと、文献では『愚子見記』『当代記』等が参考になります。

(『愚子見記』より)

一、江戸御殿守 七尺間 十八間 十六間 物見 七間五尺 五間五尺 高石ヨリ棟迄廿二間半 是権現様御好也
一、尾張御殿守 七尺間 十七間 十五間 物見 八間 六間 下重側ノ柱ヲ二重目迄立上ル故物見大キ也

 
 
ご覧の『愚子見記』の記述は、家康の江戸城天守について、木造部分のサイズと高さ(=約44mで三代目より50cmほど低いだけ)を示しており、一方の尾張御殿守(名古屋城天守)が初重と二重目が同じサイズで建ち上がっているのに対して、江戸城天守は初重から逓減(ていげん)が始まっていたことを暗に伝えています。

また、よく引用される「是権現様御好也」(これ、ごんげんさまのおこのみなり)は、この文面のままでは、「是」(これ)の直前にある「高石ヨリ棟迄廿二間半」が家康の「御好也」だったと読むべきでしょうから、世間でよく言われる「鉛瓦で雪山のように見えた」云々を指しているとは、ここからは読み切れない、という点が要注意でしょう。
 
 
(『当代記』より)

去年之石垣高さ八間也、六間は常の石、二間は切石也、
此切石をのけ、又二間築上、其上に右之切石を積、合十間殿守也、
惣土井も二間あけられ、合八間の石垣也、
殿守台は二十間四方也

 
 
『当代記』は天守台が何らかの方針変更を受けて、より高く積み直された経緯を伝えていて、広さについては「二十間四方」と明記しています。

こうした慶長度天守については、さまざまな研究者による復元案があり、その状況は、例えば安土城天主よりも「触れ幅が大きい」と言えるかもしれません。

そこで先生方への非礼も省みず、それらの案を “思い切った言い方” で総括してみますと、いずれも一長一短でありながら、どれもが示唆に富んだ「注目点」を含んでいるようです。

どういうことかと申しますと…

★連立式天守による天守構え(天守曲輪)を想定した内藤昌案


★『愚子見記』どおりに初重からの逓減(ていげん)を想定した宮上茂隆案


★切石と自然石による二段式天守台を想定した大竹正芳案


★二代目や三代目ほどの巨大天守ではないと想定した金澤雄記案

こうして各個バラバラに見える復元案は、例えば中井家所蔵の「江戸御天守指図」を採用するか否かという決定的な差異も含んだままですが、そんな中でも、それぞれの「注目点」と、『愚子見記』『当代記』の内容をうまく統合することは、十分に可能だと思われるのです。

すなわち…

このような仮想プランを出発点に、どこまでディティールを具体化できるかと申しますと、実は、この復元にピッタリの「或る史料」が現存しています。

その復元プロセスと驚きの大胆仮説は、いずれ当サイトの201X年リポートでお伝えしたいと考えていて、当ブログの「腹案」は決してガセネタではございません。

(※次回は再び、安土城天主に話題を戻してまいります。)

(※2013年2月追記 / 上記の図は、2012年度リポートにおいて、大幅に修正したものを掲載しております。ご参照下さい。)

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票(クリック)をお願いします。
にほんブログ村 歴史ブログ 戦国時代へ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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