信長の四階建て楼閣は「月見櫓」ではないのか

天守の発祥／鎌刃城・岐阜城・旧二条城・二条城／織田信長の「立体的御殿」 134件のコメント

信長の四階建て楼閣は「月見櫓」ではないのか

前回は、岐阜城の山麓居館跡と慈照寺の現状を、試しに合成してみた図をご覧いただきました。

そしてこの図からもう一つ読み取れることは、いま山麓居館跡の発掘調査は “或る禁断の領域” をジワジワと囲い込むように進められている、という点でしょう。

と申しますのは…

ご覧のように、これまでの発掘場所が取り囲む中心に、岐阜城観光の大動脈である「金華山ロープウェー」山麓駅とその入口周辺がポッカリと残されていることは、誰の目にも明らかです。

この場所はちょうど、巨石通路と州浜の庭園跡にはさまれたエリアでもあり、当然、何かがあって然るべき場所だと申せましょう。

それは仮に、次のような「導線」を考えてみますと、ある程度の可能性はありうるように思えて来ます。

※ムラサキ色の文字等は当ブログの勝手な推定を含む

こんなふうに勝手気ままに申し上げて調査関係者の方々には恐縮ですが、これは、拙宅のある東京・八王子の八王子城の印象に強くダブるものでして、ご承知のように八王子城は、北条氏照（うじてる）が重臣を安土城の織田信長のもとへ派遣したのち、石垣造りの大規模な改修を行ったとされる城です。

城の概略を申せば、山頂に曲輪群のある深沢山の山すそに氏照の「御主殿」があるわけですが、それは手前の「引橋」を渡って入る形であり、また「御主殿」の奥の山側には氏照の「庭」が設けてあるという、岐阜城に酷似したプランを感じさせるものです。

八王子城　御主殿に至る橋（橋の脚部は現代工法による）

もし岐阜城の山麓居館にも、どこかにこうした類いの橋を考えられるのならば、その先のロープウェー山麓駅と入口周辺は、まさに信長の「御主殿」があっても不思議ではないように思われるのです。

金華山ロープウェー山麓駅（写真＝ウィキペディアより）この地面の下に？

地元では長年、「信長公居館」を復元したいとの計画を掲げておられますが、この場所の可能性を確認するには、金華山ロープウェーの運営会社（名鉄グループ）が、例えて言えば、姫路城天守を何年も覆い隠すような大英断（？）を出来るのかどうか、また掘ったとしても開業当時からの工事で地中に「物」があるかどうかも余談を許さず、二重三重の障壁がありそうです。

結局、この場所はアンタッチャブルなゾーンとして、永久に候補地から除外されてしまいそうで、そうなると信長公居館の「階段状御殿説」は有力な候補地の一つを失うことにもなるのでしょう。

一方、前回から申し上げているとおり、山麓居館全体のプランを、足利義政の東山山荘との関連から考えるならば、楼閣（信長の四階建て楼閣）はずっと手前の岐阜公園内にあったことになりそうです。

そもそも義政の銀閣は、月見のための楼閣として、すぐ東側の月待山にのぼる月をめでるために建てられたわけですから、信長の四階建て楼閣もまた、金華山を見上げて東向きに建っていたと考えることも可能でしょう。

そのためにはある程度、山すそから離れないと、金華山の山頂（天守）は見えないという物理的条件が付きます。

いずれにしましても、真相究明のキーワードは「月見」であって、そこから信長の一大構想が見えて来るようにも思われるのです。

岡山城に現存する月見櫓

ご覧の岡山城の月見櫓は、内側から眺めると三階建てに見え、城外からは二重櫓に見えるという特異な構造で知られています。最上階は月見のために、東と南が開放的な造りになっています。

こうした月見櫓を建てた例は歴史上に数多くありましたが、特殊ケースの松本城を除くと、それらの位置取りは大きく二つのパターンに分かれます。

一つは、本丸の「南東隅」の石垣上に建つスタイルで、東と南を大きく見晴らす上では合理的で、福山城や福岡城などがそうした形です。

もう一つが、写真の岡山城のスタイルで、これは逆に「北西隅」の石垣上に建っていて、つまり安全な城内側を月見の方角にして、開放的な造りを可能にしたものです。

で、これと同じ位置取りと思われるのが、豊臣大坂城です。

ご覧のごとく、この月見櫓から東の空にのぼる月を見たとしますと、それは天守と重ねて(！)眺めることが出来るのです。（岡山城も同様）

「天守と月」…これはいったい何を意味するのだろうか、と考えたとき、まず頭に浮かぶのは、秀吉の黄金の大坂城天守について、宣教師が書き残した文言です。

（『日本西教史』１９３１年翻訳版より）

地の太陽は殆ど天の太陽を暗くすると言へるごとく、光輝爛々たる者なり
　
　
つまり秀吉の黄金天守は「太陽」に見立てられたのであり、一方、それを「月」と共に眺められる位置に月見櫓があって、もしも、その発祥が信長の四階建て楼閣、いや足利義政の「白い銀閣」だとしたら、そこにはひょっとすると、彼らの秘められた一大構想があったように見て取ることも出来るのではないでしょうか？

そこで、この際、信長の四階建て楼閣は「月見櫓」の発祥だったのではないか、と申し上げておきたいと思うのです。

―― この山麓居館の平地には山里庭園が広がり、その池のほとりに信長の「四階建て楼閣」が建ち、金華山のはるか山頂には「天守」が輝き、日が暮れると一転して、黒いシルエットになった天守の近くに「月」が浮かぶ…

そんな空間を想像するとき、諸芸の祖・足利義政にあこがれた信長の目論見が、ようやく見えて来た感もあるのですが、いかがお感じでしょうか？
　
　
次回は、四階建て楼閣の具体像について、可能な限りお伝えしてみたいと思います。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
にほんブログ村 歴史ブログ 戦国時代へ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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