続報・皇帝ｖｓ八幡神 …大成功？した秀吉の世論誘導

豊臣大坂城・石山本願寺城・徳川再建大坂城 194件のコメント


続報・皇帝ｖｓ八幡神 …大成功？した秀吉の世論誘導

唐突ですが、現代の戦意高揚の立役者と言えば…

証言する少女ナイラ ／ 油まみれの水鳥 ／ 救出されたジェシカ・リンチ上等兵

写真は今回の話題の伏線として挙げてみたもので、いずれも米国民の軍事行動への支持を高めることに成功した事例です。

で、前回は、織田信長と豊臣秀吉の「天守」が担ったはずの “人心収らん術” について触れましたが、信長の天主は本能寺の変による挫折があったものの、秀吉の天守はひょっとすると、その点では “大成功” を収めていたのかもしれません。…

と申しますのは、やはり問題の屏風絵にある「菊紋」「桐紋」「左三つ巴紋」「牡丹唐草」の四種類の紋章群が、それを示唆しているようなのです。

大坂図屏風（大阪城天守閣蔵）より

菊紋（十六八重菊）　　　　　桐紋（太閤桐）　　　　　巴紋（左三つ巴）

このうち「菊紋」「桐紋」は天皇家の紋としても有名で、秀吉が豊臣姓を下賜されたとき、同時に拝領した紋でもあります。

屏風絵の「菊紋」は天皇家の紋と同じ十六八重菊のように見え、「桐紋」は葉脈の少なさや左右の花房が傾いていることから秀吉特有の「太閤桐」とも見えます。
　
　
そして天守四重目には「巴紋」があります。巴は神社の紋「神紋」の代表格であり、前回に申し上げた「八幡大菩薩」の紋としても古今の武家から尊崇されたものです。

屏風絵には左巻きの「左三つ巴紋」が描かれ、これと同様のものは神功皇后の臣・武内宿禰（たけうちのすくね）ゆかりの織幡神社や気比神宮など、数多くの神社で使われています。

（※当ブログの巴の「左右」表記は丹羽基二先生が考証した古い表記法によります）

牡丹唐草

さらに天守二重目と五重目縁下には「牡丹唐草」があります。

牡丹紋は五摂家（藤原氏嫡流）の近衛家の紋として知られ、当時、秀吉が「藤原秀吉」として関白に叙任されたことや、その一件などで縁の深い近衛信尹（このえ のぶただ）の家紋がそれであることも連想されます。

このように四種類の紋は、それぞれに秀吉との関係を語ることが出来る紋章だと言えます。
　
　
では、これらが天守全体を使って並べられたこと自体については、特段の意味もなく、ただの羅列に過ぎないと理解していいのでしょうか？

そうではなく、反対にこの点こそが秀吉の狙いであり、紋章群は例えて言うと “秀吉が発したブロックサイン” ではなかったかという感があるのです。
　
　
　
＜仮説：「見せる天守」に隠された民族の寓意＞
　
　
　
野球でお馴染みのブロックサインは、監督やベースコーチが敵側にさとられずに次の作戦を味方に伝えるため、複数のサインの組み合わせや順序で指示を伝えるものです。

つまりサインの一つ一つは敵に見られてもその真意は知られず、味方プレーヤーに意図を伝え、密かに意思統一を図るための手段です。
　
　
もしもブロックサインという言葉が稚拙であるなら、それは「暗示」「隠喩」「寓意」と称してもいいものかもしれません。

いずれにしても紋章群は、それ全体で、ある一つの（同じ民族だけに通じる）暗示を伝えた、というのが真相に近いのではないでしょうか。……

そしてその中身と言えば、やはり “王政復古の新政権として、神功皇后の三韓征伐伝説を世情に喚起したい” といった、政治的な思惑であったように思われるのです。

つまり、これらの紋章群を掲げた大坂城天守とは、後の「朝鮮出兵」に向けて、底深い意図をもって誕生した建造物だったのではないか…

この点に関連して、著書『雑兵たちの戦場』等で知られる藤木久志先生は、秀吉の朝鮮出兵への動員令をテコに、全国各地で、大名による直接支配が進んだことを指摘しておられます。

（藤木久志『戦国史をみる目』１９９５年）

政権による全国統一の貫徹と朝鮮出兵の態勢づくりとは並行し統一して進められていった、と断定してもよいであろう。佐竹領で、動員令と太閤検地の指令とが同時に発せられている事実は、統一と侵略の不可分を直接に示す。

秀吉の朝鮮出兵は文禄元年４月、「数千艘」とも伝わる、小西行長・宋義智ら第一陣の釜山上陸から開始されました。しかし秀吉自身がこの戦争について初めて語ったのは、その７年も前の天正１３年だったことはご承知のとおりです。

以来、豊臣政権がこの戦争に向けた態勢固めは凄まじく、前出の藤木久志先生は、開戦の年に発令された「個人の人身把握をめざす個別調査のための人掃い（ひとばらい）令」とその台帳を例に挙げておられます。

（藤木久志『戦国史をみる目』１９９５年）

こうして秀吉権力によって握られたこの帳面は、やがて民衆の徴兵台帳とも、欠落を追及するさいのブラック・リストともなった。
翌年春、「高麗へ召し連れ候船頭・かこ（水夫）ども相煩い、過半死」という悲惨な状況がおこったさいにも、秀吉権力はただちにこの台帳により、「浦々に相残り候かこども、ことごとく相改め、かみ（上）は六十、下は十五を限って補充を早急におこなえ」という徴発の態勢をとることができた。
　
　
まさに国家人民を挙げての総力戦であったことが想像されますが、それをいかに遂行したのかと言えば、藤木先生の同書の指摘がさらに興味深いものです。

（藤木久志『戦国史をみる目』１９９５年）

しかも、日本人をとらえていた侵略戦のイデオロギーのありようを知ろうとするなら、高麗日記の田尻という侍が、緒戦の連勝に酔いしれながら、そのかみ神功皇后、新羅を退治していらいの日本の神力をみよ、と宇佐八幡宮によせて、特異な意識のたかぶりを示していたことを、見逃しにはできない。
　
　
ここに抜粋した鍋島家の侍・田尻鑑種（たじり あきたね）ばかりでなく、当時、従軍した将兵らの心には、際立った “神国意識” が満ち満ちていたことが指摘されているのです。

豊臣秀吉像（大阪 豊國神社）

宣教師の報告にも、朝鮮出兵の直前には “日本中が湧き立っていた” という描写があるものの、そのような高揚感（世情喚起、世論誘導）がいかにして起きたのか、詳しい解明はまだ研究途上のようです。

その点で、もし秀吉にとって統一（再統一）と大陸遠征が不可分のものであったなら、政権発足時に建造した天守にすでに三韓征伐の寓意が込められ、八幡三神の神紋を中心に建物が荘厳された、という可能性はありうるように思われます。

つまり秀吉は、いにしえの記憶の底から「天皇の大権」を呼び覚ますことでまず陣営（関白政権）の正統性を獲得し、そのうえ「神国意識」を奮い立たせることで、天下統一後もつづく戦時体制の構築に成功したとも言えそうなのです。
　
　
かつて秀吉の城を「見せる城」と評されたのは小和田哲男先生ですが、華やかな金色の意匠の裏に狡猾な政治的「暗示」を組み込んだ大坂城天守は、おそらく古今に比類なき「見せる天守」であったのです。

これまで秀吉の天守を、たんに “成り上がりの豪華趣味” と評する、表層的で一面的なとらえ方が横行して来たわけですが、むしろ信長ともども、この二人が「成り上がり」だからこそ天守を創造したのであって、私はそういう（豪華趣味という）とらえ方には断固、反対の声を上げるものです。

秀吉の天守は、はるかに深刻な政治的思惑を帯びて、この世に出現した建造物だと思うからです。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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