天守解説「しゆらく(聚楽)のにもまし申候」の真相

肥前名護屋城・聚楽第・広島城・清須城・小諸城・佐和山城・福山城 178件のコメント


天守解説「しゆらく(聚楽)のにもまし申候」の真相

２０１１年度リポートはアップ直後の３日間ほど、色々とお見苦しい点があり、その後すぐに修正したものの、心理的ショックを引きずっておりまして、今回はとにかく、文中で予告した天守イラストの補足説明をさせていただこうと思います。

肥前名護屋城天守の推定復元イラスト

と申しますのは、佐竹義宣の家臣・平塚滝俊（たきとし）がこの天守について書き送った「てんしゆ（天守）なともしゆらく（聚楽）のにもまし申候」という表現には、聚楽第天守と比べたくなる特殊な事情があったようにも感じるからです。

この滝俊という人物、義宣に随行して肥前名護屋にいたる道中の様子を国元に書き送ったなかで、各地で見た城に関しても色々と記しています。

例えば広島城の普請は聚楽第に劣らないとか、各々の天守を「見事」「一段見事」と抽象的にほめ上げた一方で、肥前名護屋城天守については直接、聚楽第天守と比べて “上回っている” と断定したことが、どうも気になるのです。

左は三井記念美術館蔵「聚楽第図屏風」の天守の描写

ご覧の両者がともに白壁の天守であったことは（「群馬本」の発見もあり）ほぼ間違いないようですし、最上階の華頭窓などの意匠が共通することは度々指摘されて来ました。

―――で、それ以外にも、外観上の類似点があったらしく、具体的には「窓」と「金具」であったように思うのです。
　
　
　
＜聚楽第天守の窓はすべて「突き上げ戸」であり、出格子窓（でごうしまど）は無かった＞
　
　

近年、聚楽第を描いた新たな屏風の発見が相次いだ中でも、今なお三井記念美術館蔵の「聚楽第図屏風」は詳細な描写で他を凌駕しています。

その天守周辺の描写のうち、赤丸で囲った窓は、一見しますと、太い堅格子（たてごうし）を並べた出窓式の武者窓（出格子窓）のようにも受け取れます。

出格子窓（丸岡城天守／津山城の備中櫓）

このため誌上等では、聚楽第天守の復元イラストで初重に出格子窓を描いたり、その影響なのか、肥前名護屋城天守も初重に出格子窓を描く復元ＣＧがあったりしましたが、ところが、この絵を解像度の高い写真で拡大して見ますと…

なんと、突き上げ用の “棒” が――

突き上げ戸（今治城の御金櫓／松山城の本壇内門の上部）

ご覧のとおりこの絵は、堅格子の描き方など、ちょっとまぎらわしい点はあるものの、はっきりと突き上げ用の棒が描かれています。

また、その上の白い小屋根のように見える部分も、うっすらと「白木の色」が残っていて、これも突き上げた戸板の可能性があります。

つまりこの屏風の天守周辺の窓は、最上階の華頭窓以外は、すべて「突き上げ戸」ということになりそうなのです。
　
　
試しに屏風全体を見渡しますと、他の櫓においても出格子窓は一箇所も無い、という事実に突き当たりますし、改めて新発見の屏風など、他の聚楽第天守の描写を点検してみますと、確認できる窓はどれも「突き上げ戸」と判るのです。

このように、聚楽第天守は “白壁に白木や黒塗りの突き上げ戸” という外観が基本であったらしく、現状で例えますと、今治城の櫓（上写真の左側）に最も印象が近かったのかもしれません。
　
　
　
＜聚楽第天守の「金具」類は、姫路城の菱の門によく似たデザインが…＞
　
　

一方、同様に最上階を拡大しますと、華頭窓などを飾った金具についても、細かく描写されていることが分かります。

金具類は二つ並んだ華頭窓の窓枠にも、長押の釘隠しとしても、さらに右側の開き戸の枠木（？）にも丁寧に施されています。

で、この金具の様子が、どうもあの門を連想させてならないのです。

姫路城 菱の門（華やかな格子窓と華頭窓、そして白い出格子窓も）

お馴染みの菱の門（重要文化財）ですが、これは創建が「桃山時代」とされていて、ご覧の華やかな意匠も当時からのものかどうか、詳しい史料を持ち合わせておりませんが、現状の金具類は “とにかく似ている” としか思えないのです。

ひょっとすると、個々の窓に散りばめられた小さな「桐紋」「菊紋」の配置やデザインまでも、聚楽第図屏風の描写とまったく同じなのでは、と見えるほどです。

―――と、このように見て来て、冒頭の平塚滝俊の「てんしゆ（天守）なともしゆらく（聚楽）のにもまし申候」という断定の、背後の事情がボンヤリと頭に浮かんで来て、それを反映させたのが冒頭からご覧のイラストなのです。

イラストの天守二重目にある「石落し用の張り出し」は、リポートの屋根の検討から導き出されたものです。

で、それに該当する部分を下の左右の屏風で確認しますと、二重目の中央部に横長の窓が描かれているため、これをイラストでは「菱の門」同様の格子窓として描きました。

肥前名護屋城図屏風／通称「名博本」と「群馬本」

で、改めて上下左右の４枚を見比べてみますと、外観上の個々の要素は同じなのに、組み合せ方が違う、といった感じではないでしょうか。

つまり聚楽第と肥前名護屋の天守の外観は、「白木と黒塗りの突き上げ戸」や「金具のデザイン」など、個々の意匠はパズルのような応用形になっていながら、肥前名護屋の方は下三重が同大という、大きさの印象だけが異なっていた―――

このことが平塚滝俊をして、両天守を直接に比較したうえで「まし申候」（上回っている）と言わせた原因だったのでは… と推理したわけです。
　

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