さらに深かった?藤堂高虎の超秘策 …その重大さに徳川家康も思わず気付かぬふりを?


さらに深かった? 藤堂高虎の超秘策

前回は、天下普請の江戸城で「二十間四方」天守台を築いた家康と高虎の深意について、色々と想像をめぐらせてみましたが、実はその時、高虎が仕掛けた企(くわだ)ては、それだけではなかったようです。

この件をお話するためには、その企ての前提となる天守曲輪(天守丸/天守構え)の状態について、『当代記』にもとづく独自の解釈案をご覧いただきましょう。

【 独自解釈 】「殿守台は二十間四方也」の文脈をあえて図示すると…

(『当代記』巻四より)

去年之石垣高さ八間也、六間は常の石、二間は切石也、
此切石をのけ、又二間築上、其上に右之切石を積、合十間殿守也、
惣土井も二間あけられ、合八間の石垣也、
殿守台は二十間四方也

 
 
上の図と『当代記』の記述を合わせてご説明しますと、記述の一、二行目については、これまでの諸先生方の見解では、「去年之石垣」を改築して合計の高さが10間の天守台(「十間殿守」)になった、という解釈でほぼ一致して来ました。

しかし三行目の「惣土井も二間あけられ」がどこの土居の話なのかは諸説があって、それについては例えば西ヶ谷恭弘先生は、高さ10間の天守台と読むか、土居のかさ上げの影響で「二間の土壇上に八間の天守台石垣が築かれたと読むか」は不明であると解説しておられます。(『江戸城』2009年)

つまり「土井(土居)」がどこにあたるかで、最終的な天守台の高さが変わってしまう可能性が残るわけで、そのために当サイトは、ご覧のような独自解釈を申し上げてみたいのです。

このように「土井(土居)」を天守曲輪の内部の敷地と解釈するのは、たいへんに異例な考え方だとは思うものの、これならば、問題の三行目が文中のそこにある意味がはっきりして来ますし、記述全体の “足し算・引き算” をきれいに納めることも出来ます。

すなわち、天守台の本丸側(図の上側)は石垣高が10間に達したものの、天守曲輪の内部を2間かさ上げしたため、内側の石垣高は8間になった… という経緯を『当代記』は伝えていたのだと解釈できるわけです。
 
 
【2018年12月23日追記】
 → 以上の仮説とは別の、新仮説を、改めて当ブログで紹介しておりますので、是非ともご参照下さい。
 
 
ではいったい何故、ここを2間かさ上げする必要があったのか?? と考えますと、築城名人・高虎の「本丸を意図的に狭くして多聞櫓で囲む」という築城テクニックがそこに関わっていたのかもしれません。

現に、他の文献では、江戸城本丸の「狭さ」をめぐる高虎と家康のやりとりが伝わっています。

(『慶長日記』より)

(家康)高虎に本丸狭ければ広げられんと仰ければ、高虎云(いう)、本城は狭きに利多し、広きに小勢籠りたるは利少しと、申し上る…
 

【 参考図 】高虎が改修した江戸時代の津城
      / 本丸の狭さ、内堀の広さが特長的! !

上の『慶長日記』の部分は、一般的には、家康が高虎に対して「江戸城の本丸が狭くないか」と問いかけたところ、高虎が「本城は狭い方が守るに好都合」と答えた話として扱われますが、文中の「本丸」「本城」がそれぞれどこを意味したかは諸説あり、それによって話の結論は様々です。

ですが、そもそも慶長の江戸城「本丸」は、結果的に狭くもなんともなく、すでに広大な敷地を占めていたのは確実のようですから、それが狭いか、狭くないかと、押し問答をしたこと自体が不自然でなりません。

したがって、私なんぞは文句無く「天守曲輪」のことだろうと思うのですが、もしそうだとしますと、この話には、もっと別の、驚愕の真相が隠されているかもしれないと疑っているのです。
 
 
 
<築城名人がくわだてた超秘策…
 そこの本来の目的は天守曲輪(詰ノ丸)などではなく、あろうことか、
 天皇の「江戸行幸」のための行幸御殿が意識されていた!?>

 
 

これは2011年度リポートでお見せした図ですが、その説明文も是非もう一度、目を通していただけますでしょうか。

(2011年度リポートより)

遊撃丸伝本丸は、敷地の形やおおよその広さ、天守との位置関係、全体が石塁や石垣で厳重に囲まれていること、しかし石塁上に上がれば良い眺めが得られること、そして第一の門が南から入る形であることなど、あらゆる点が、驚くほど似ているのです。
(中略)
冒頭で申し上げた秀吉の大陸経略構想では、計画の目玉として、後陽成天皇の北京行幸が掲げられています。
一方、安土城の伝本丸も、正親町天皇(もしくは誠仁親王)の安土行幸に備えた「御幸の御間」があったのではないかと論争になった場所です。
この状況が示す可能性を直裁に申し上げるなら、遊撃丸も、元来は「天皇の行幸殿」として築かれた場所だったのではないか……
あの城内でもひときわ堅牢な石塁の囲みは、そのためだったかと思えば、じつに納得のいくものです。

 

そしてなんと、慶長の江戸城も! !?
(ご覧の3図はもちろん同縮尺。方角は方位記号のとおり)

ご覧のように、敷地の形や広さ、天守との位置関係が、またまた良く似ているわけでして、その他の要素も、南から入る表口と搦手口(からめてぐち)というように、それぞれに三つ巴の関係で踏襲し合っているようです。





例えば最後の「主な眺望」では、いずれも天守の反対側から、安土城下や玄界灘や富士山が眺められる形になっていて、これらは一つのスタイルとして、高虎が再び江戸城で採り入れたものと感じられてなりません。

すなわち、ここに、問題の「土居」をわざわざ2間かさ上げした深意が隠されていて、はっきりと申し上げるなら、高虎は「いずれ天皇の江戸行幸あるべし」と密かに考え、それを改修の絵図に盛り込み、家康に提示したのではなかったのかと。

それだけ高虎は、新しい天下の覇城・江戸の築城に、強い思い入れを込めて縄張りを行ったとも考えられ、たとえ実際に江戸行幸が無くとも、“そういう備え” を施してあることが、幕府の「本城」として肝要なのであると考えたのではないでしょうか。

ところが、家康は、『慶長日記』の一般的な解釈のままでは、絵図の深意などにはまったく気付かなかったことになります。

ですが、ひょっとすると、家康はうすうす気付いたものの、事のあまりの重大さのために、わざと気付かぬふりで「本丸(!)が狭くないか」とカマをかけて高虎の顔色を見た… ということであったのかもしれません。

そうだとすれば、家康の「本丸」というカマかけに対して、とっさに持論の戦術云々の話で答えた高虎もまた、そうとうな “タヌキ親父” だったのではないでしょうか。
 

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票(クリック)をお願いします。
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人気ブログランキングへ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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