ならば立体的御殿の三階は「茶の湯御政道」の本拠地か
当サイトが考える岐阜城の四階建て楼閣
二階が「王妃」の階(御上方)ならば、三階は茶の湯の階??
(村上直次郎訳『耶蘇会士日本通信』より)
第三階には甚だ閑静なる処に茶の座敷あり、其巧妙完備せることは少くとも予が能力を以て之を述ぶること能はず、又之を過賞すること能はず。予は嘗て此の如き物を観たることなし。
安土城天主も二階(三重目)が実は「御台の対面所」であったなら、
三階(四重目)は「茶の湯御政道」の階だったのでは…
前回、織田信長の「立体的御殿」をめぐる発想の仕方に話題が及んだわけですが、その二階が実は「御上方」の御殿を意識していたとしますと、三階は上の二つの図のように茶の湯… 信長の有名な「茶の湯御政道」の本拠地、とでも言うべき空間(ある種の聖域)に発展していたのかもしれません。
仮にそうだとしますと、「茶の湯」は信長軍団の支配原理に関わる重要な存在でもあったわけですから、安土城天主の七重は、下層階が蔵や政庁、御上方といった実生活に使うエリアだったのに対し、四重目から上が早くも政治的モニュメントの色合いを濃くするという、みごとなグラデーションが出来上がることになります。
金閣・銀閣などの各階構成にもつながるグラデーション
しかし私なんぞは、どうも、羽柴秀吉や丹羽長秀ら信長の家臣たちが、何故あそこまで信長下げ渡しの名物茶器を有り難がったのか、感覚的に解らない部分があるのですが、もし現代風に、ゴッホの絵が一枚何十億円という中で、信長の「名物狩り」のごとく、世界中のゴッホの絵を収奪・管理したうえで、一枚ずつ、家臣に恩賞として渡したというのなら、解らないでもないでしょう。
という理解のレベルで申しますと、仮に三階が「茶の湯御政道」の階だとしても、それは必ずしも信長自身が茶の湯三昧にひたる場所ではなく、ただ “名物茶器が集中的に納めてある階” というだけでもいいのかもしれません。
とすれば、私なんぞの一番の関心事は、二階の「御上方」にしても、それらは本当に実用(=実際に奥方らの専用)を第一目的として作られた階だったのか、という観点なのです。
と申しますのも、以前、当ブログでは <安土城天主の障壁画は見栄えよりも「文字化伝達」が最大の目的だったのでは> などと申し上げたり、<天主内部は薄暗さ・明るさが階によってバラバラだったのでは> とも申し上げたりしていて、岐阜城の四階建て楼閣ならまだしも、安土城天主の場合、二階(三重目)は「御上方」の実用にはちょっと不向きな面もあったように感じるからです。
静嘉堂文庫蔵『天守指図』三重目の内部はかなり暗そう
逆に四重目の内部はかなり明るかったのかもしれない
大西廣・太田昌子『朝日百科 安土城の中の「天下」』1995年
(同書より)
(安土城天主は)何といっても、上下七階に襖絵を配するという、ほとんど空前絶後といっていいプロジェクトであったことが、まず問題になる。
外観の壮大なスペクタクルが人の眼を奪ったであろうけれども、内部の各層に描かれていた襖絵が、またそれ自体で、さまざまなメッセージを階層的に組み立てた、一個のスペクタクルになっていたにちがいない。
といった見方を踏まえますと、結局、二階に「御上方」を配したのも、真のねらいは、あくまでも奥向きの御殿群を縦に重ねた「立体的御殿」、という建築構想の “身の証(あかし)” にあったのではないでしょうか。…
つまり個々の階に性格づけがなされていても、それぞれの階の実用性よりも、何故そういう風に積み重ねたのか?という、全体のメッセージの組み立ての方が、優先していたように感じられてならないのです。
そしてその立案者の信長にとっては、言わば“天主の情報管理”(天守とは何かという伝達情報のチェック)が、世間や家臣団の評価がそれで左右されかねないだけに、けっこうシビアであったはずだと思うのです。
<余談 / 駿府城天守の『当代記』の記録に、最上階の4間×5間の
情報が無い(伏せてある? )のも、天守の情報管理の影響か… >
さて、そういう話題に関わる「余談」としまして、現在、まだまだリポートの制作途上ではありますが、駿府城天守の記録に関しても、申し上げたような “情報管理” の影を感じております。
と申しますのも、下記の重要なくだりに、最上階「物見之段」の4間×5間という規模の情報が欠けている点が、やや気になるのです。
(『当代記』此殿守模様之事)
元段 十間 十二間 但し七尺間 四方落 椽あり
二之段 同十間 十二間 同間 四方有 欄干
三之段 腰屋根瓦 同十間 十二間 同間
四之段 八間十間 同間 腰屋根 破風 鬼板 何も白鑞
懸魚銀 ひれ同 さかわ同銀 釘隠同
五之段 六間八間 腰屋根 唐破風 鬼板何も白鑞
懸魚 鰭 さか輪釘隠何も銀
六之段 五間六間 屋根 破風 鬼板白鑞
懸魚 ひれ さか輪釘隠銀
物見之段 天井組入 屋根銅を以葺之 軒瓦滅金
破風銅 懸魚銀 ひれ銀 筋黄金 破風之さか輪銀 釘隠銀
鴟吻黄金 熨斗板 逆輪同黄金 鬼板拾黄金
この件については、諸書の解説などで『慶長政事録』の方に「七重目 四間に五間 物見の殿という」と書かれていて、こちらの記録で最上階の規模はちゃんと分かるのだとされています。
でも私なんぞは長いこと、『当代記』にそれが無いのは何か意味があるのでは? という勘ぐりを捨て切れませんで、悶々として来たのですが、その背景には…
最上階は伝統的な「三間四方」が当然、となれば、こういう考え方も無くはない
これは天守最上階の物見之段が「三間四方」であるのは“言わなくても判るはずだ”という姿勢を『当代記』がとっていた場合、ありうるケースだという気がして、私の悩みのタネになって来たものです。
ご覧のように六重目を完全な屋根裏階として大屋根をかけ、その上に三間四方の小さな望楼をあげれば、全体では立派に「五重七階建て」で考えることが出来ます。
そして何故「4間×5間」だけ欠けているのか、もう一つの原因として考えられる候補が、申し上げた「天守の情報管理」の影響ではなかったでしょうか。
すなわち <大御所の天守の最上階が、伝統的な三間四方=九間(ここのま)ではない> ということに、記録者がある種の “引け目” を感じてしまい、そのため4間×5間の『当代記』への記述をはばかり、遠慮してしまった、という可能性もあったのではないか… と申し上げてみたいのです。
ですが実際のところは、以前の記事で申し上げた「小さなコロンブスの卵」に気づいてからは、私もやはり最上階は「4間×5間」で正しかったのだと得心できましたし、制作中のリポートやビジュアルもこれに沿っています。
小さなコロンブスの卵
かくして、天守が「天守」として(立体的御殿が「立体的御殿」として)見られるための “身の証” には、思いのほか、当時の人々は慎重だったように感じるのです。
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