そして岐阜城の山頂天守と「策彦周良」を結びつけると…



そして岐阜城の山頂天守と
「策彦周良(さくげん しゅうりょう)」を結びつけると…

もしも織田信長が、岐阜城を奪取せずに、小牧山城から天下に覇をとなえていたなら、
我が国に “高層の天守” は出現しなかったのかもしれない…… と心配になるほど、
岐阜城は「天守」の完成にとって重要な城であったはず。

前回の “コペルニクス的な革新” を示してみた図ですが、信長の岐阜城では、山頂天守と(天守の原形とずっと申し上げて来た)立体的御殿が同時に並存していることに、疑問をお感じになった方がいらしたかもしれません。…

これについて最初に申し上げますと、後に安土城の山頂で統合されて完成した七重天主に比べれば、岐阜城の山頂天守というのは「その一部分」とも「半人前」とも言えそうですが、何より留意したいポイントは、「天守」の第一の要件は、建物の重数ではなくて、城内における「立地」であったはずだと申し上げて来た観点でしょう。

その意味では、ご覧の図には何ら問題はなく、やはり山頂にあったのが「天守」なのだと(たとえ重数がいくつであれ)確信しております。

―――すなわち、城内の曲輪配置の求心性の頂点にあり、「台」などを伴って他からぬきん出た位置に建てられた領主の館こそ、原初的な「天守」であり、それが、岐阜で進化した「立体的御殿」ともう一度、統合(立体化)されて、安土城の七重天主が出現したのではなかったでしょうか。…
 

「岐阜」「殿守」の命名など、多くを
織田信長にさずけた名僧・策彦周良(さくげん しゅうりょう)
策彦和尚が幼少時、初めて仏門に入ったのは 鹿苑寺(金閣寺)! ! だったそうで…


(※ご覧の絵は『集古十種』/ウィキペディアより)

さて、前々回の記事では「どう登るかも天守のうち」という話題の中で、金閣と「天鏡閣」の関係に話が及んでしまいましたが、そもそも「金閣」を織田信長に強烈に意識させたのは、ご覧の策彦周良だったのではないでしょうか?

と申しますのは、策彦と信長が初めて会ったのは永禄11年(=岐阜城奪取の翌年)のことで、足利義昭を擁して上洛を果たしたおりに、信長の側から会見を申し入れて実現したもので、策彦と言えば、禅宗・京都五山の碩学というよりも、遣明船の正使として二度も明に渡った名僧でしたから、当然、二人の会話は寧波(ニンポー)や北京の見聞などに及んだことでしょう。
 
 
そんな策彦和尚は、細川家の家老・井上家の出身で、永正6年(1510年)に9歳で初めて仏門に入ったのは京都北山の鹿苑寺!!だったというのですから、私なんぞは、当ブログでも触れた「宮上茂隆説の本来の金閣」の姿を、小坊主の策彦少年が毎日のように仰ぎ見ていた可能性があることに、思わず身震いしてしまいます。

とりわけ渡航・帰国後の『策彦入明記』の様子からしますと、策彦和尚という人は「仏閣」への興味が大変に強かったようですから、なおさらのこと震えが止まりません。

宮上茂隆先生の考察による本来の金閣
(『週刊 朝日百科』日本の歴史1986年より引用)

そんな策彦和尚が、中国各地の寺院を訪れた経験の上で、日本を代表する楼閣「金閣」をどう評価していたかは(それを造営した足利義満への人物評を含めて)大変に気になるところです。

信長の側としては、もしも京都の会見の場で、策彦という日本と中国の両方を見ていた賢人の口から「金閣」や天鏡閣について言及があったのなら、それは岐阜築城の大いなるヒントとして受け取ったことでしょうし、その会見の後、フロイスが岐阜城を訪れたのは永禄11年(=会見の翌年)のことでしたから、築城のあらゆる事柄が、信長が感じたインスピレーションのままに超・突貫工事で進んだことを想わざるをえません。

宮上先生の主張に沿った信長公居館のイラスト(『信長の城と戦略』1997年より)

で、ご承知のとおり宮上先生は、信長公居館については千畳敷C地区に楼閣形式の建物を想定し、それが策彦和尚によって「天主」と名付けられたはずだと主張されましたが、この命名は、決して何か “物証” のあった話ではなくて、安土城天主をめぐる『匠明』の記述から逆算した “宮上先生独自の推理” に基づく主張であったことは、当ブログでもご紹介したとおりです。

しかも何故か、宮上先生はそうした主張を展開した論文(『天主と名付けられた建築』日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集/昭和51年)の中では、前述の <策彦和尚と鹿苑寺との関係> にまったく触れておられない! ! わけでして、となると、本来、宮上先生が着目すべきだった「策彦和尚と金閣」の関係に焦点を当てて、アレコレと想像をめぐらせますと、私がかねてから気になっていた “ある事柄” に、もろに突き当たるのです。

ここからは、当サイトの我田引水の度がいっそう強くなりそうで恐縮ですが、以前のブログ記事で、宮上説の本来の金閣は、その外観や内部の構造がどういうわけか、静嘉堂文庫の『天守指図』(→ 内藤昌先生が安土城天主の復元の基本的な資料とされ、当サイトもイラスト制作の重要な資料とした図面)の高層階の状態によく似ている、と申し上げました。

で、今回は、その「よく似ている」ところを具体的にお目にかけますと…

金閣の二階平面図(上記の左イラストでは真っ黒に塗られた階)


『天守指図』五重目(上記の右イラストでは朱柱で貫かれた五重目・六重目に相当)

この『天守指図』五重目の方は、「屋根裏」に囲まれた中央の各室にご注目いただきたいのですが、この中央付近のプランが、上図の金閣の二階のプランによく似ているわけでして、これらは、両方にそれぞれ最上階の位置をダブらせてみますと、さらに類似性が際立ちます。

宮上先生の考察による本来の金閣の最上階(赤く表示)

(※注:金閣の最上階の階段の位置は宮上先生の著書からの推定です)

そして誠に手前味噌ながら、当サイト仮説の最上階(赤く表示)等々を書き加えますと…

ご覧の手前味噌の部分をご容赦いただけると仮定した場合のことですが、金閣の「東室」というのは、実質的に「階段室」同然の役目を担った部屋でしょうし、そこから「広縁」を介して、最上階の真下にあたる主室と隣り合っている、という全体のプランが “よく似ている” ように感じられて来るのです。

もちろん『天守指図』の信憑性は諸説あるものの、どういうわけか、ご覧のような類似性が見て取れるのです。

これに関しては、生前に『天守指図』と内藤昌先生の安土城天主復元案を徹底的に批判しておられた宮上先生ですから、ご自身が復元した金閣の構造と『天守指図』に似ている面がある、などとお知らせしたら、あの世でムッとされるのか、腰を抜かされるのか解りませんが、やはり前述の <策彦和尚と金閣> という新事情を踏まえますと、これはちょっと見逃せない要素になって来るのではないでしょうか。

そこで、あえて申し上げてみたいのは…
 
 
 
<信長の岐阜築城のインスピレーションは、城の劇的な高低差を活かして
 山頂に「金閣」を模した天守を、
 山麓に「銀閣」にならった四階建て楼閣を 配置したのか>

 
 

ちなみに宮上先生は、山頂の天守については、関ヶ原合戦の後に加納城に移築された「御三階櫓」の前身の建物が、そのまま信長時代から在ったのだろうとした一方で、安土城天主については「この天主は、住宅建築の屋上に宗教建築を載せた構成において、金閣と共通する。」(『図説 織田信長』)とまでおっしゃったものの、両者のつながりや進化のプロセスといった事柄には言及がありませんでした。
 
 
その点、やはり私なんぞは「七重の天主」というのは、そう易々とこの世に(突然に)出現するものではないだろう、という感覚が強過ぎまして、だからこそ岐阜城では、山頂のあり方(天守)にも、山麓の御殿のあり方(立体的御殿)にも、それぞれにモデルがあって、一つは金閣、一つは銀閣という、見上げた人々が全員驚嘆する“垂直配置”を信長はもくろんだのでは…… などという妄想に囚われてしまうのです。

そしてそれらの完成を見た信長は、ひょっとするとその場で即座に、次の京の都付近の城では「この二つを合体させてやろう」と心中密かに決意したのかもしれない、と…。
 

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票(クリック)をお願いします。
にほんブログ村 歴史ブログ 戦国時代へ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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