続報――『探幽縮図(たんゆうしゅくず)』がなかなかに興味深い

肥前名護屋城・聚楽第・広島城・清須城・小諸城・佐和山城・福山城 144件のコメント

続報――『探幽縮図(たんゆうしゅくず)』がなかなかに興味深い

赤く変色させた「金雲」がクセモノか？？
最も精緻と言われた『聚楽第図屏風』の方に、むしろ大きな「疑惑」が浮上してきた…

前回の年末の記事では、注目の『探幽縮図』と、三井記念美術館蔵の『聚楽第図屏風』との対比から見えた「疑惑」について申し上げました。

ご覧のような、金雲を巧妙に使ったギュウギュウの寄せ集め（コラージュ）の可能性を申し上げたわけですが、この『聚楽第図屏風』そのものは、本丸？を囲んだ屋敷に「加賀少将」「松嶋侍従」との貼札があることから、景観の想定としては聚楽第完成の頃（天正１５～１６年）と見て矛盾は無く、屏風の制作時期についても、日本美術史の辻惟雄(つじ のぶお)先生が「様式的に見ても、その当時の制作と見て差支えないと思う」と鑑定したものでした。
　
　
ということは、その他の聚楽第を描いた絵画史料と比べても、おそらくいちばん早い時期に！…こういう（城郭の主要部分がコラージュされた）描き方の『聚楽第図屏風』が登場したことになりそうです。

ですから、そのことが、もしかすると、幻の聚楽第の描写をめぐる混乱に “いっそう拍車をかけた” 元凶ではなかったかとも思えますし、現に、下記のごとき一連の絵画史料の存在が知られています。

個人蔵『聚楽第鳥瞰図』
（これには長谷川等伯が所蔵した屏風絵の「縮本」であるとの裏書きあり）

ご承知のとおり、これと同様の鳥瞰(ちょうかん)図が、大阪城天守閣蔵のものなど何点か伝わっておりまして、これらは一見したところ、堀の配置の様子は伝来の城絵図を踏まえたらしく、ある程度の説得力はあるものの、その一方で、城の中心をなす大型の御殿群が、手前の櫓群のすぐ裏にまで迫って来ています。

思わず私なんぞは、これらが『聚楽第図屏風』のコラージュの(悪)影響ではないのか!?… と叫びたくなってしまいます。
　
　
そのうえ、こちらの鳥瞰図はどれも「天守」とおぼしき建物が見当たらない、という別の要素が一貫していて、それはそれで見逃せないものがあり、ならば長谷川等伯（慶長１５年没）が所蔵したとか、海北友松（慶長２０年没）が描いたとかいう原本の絵図はどう位置づけたらいいのか？… ここは一度、聚楽第の絵画史料の“全体”を見回した整理が必要だと思えて来てなりません。

そこで今回は、注目の『探幽縮図』の方に似た描き方の史料は他にないのか？ という観点で見回しますと、有名な堺市博物館蔵の屏風絵が、ほぼ同じ構図であることに気がつきます。

【年初の大胆仮説】聚楽第の構造により忠実な描写は、下の二点なのでは!?
堺市博物館蔵『聚楽第行幸図屏風』との対比 → 構図的には、ずっと近い関係に見える

こちらの二つを並べますと、一見して、ともに左上に本丸御殿があり、両図に共通した＜櫓群＞は、その本丸御殿とは別郭にあったもののように見えて来ます。

このことはやはり、申し上げた『聚楽第図屏風』のコラージュの悪影響が、いかに（当時の絵師らも含めた）大勢の日本人に、間違った聚楽第のイメージをすり込んできたのか？？… という疑念を増幅させるものでしょう。

で、そうした疑念に、追い打ちをかけるような墨書（書き込み）があるのです。

謎解きのヒントは「山口玄蕃屋敷」!!？…

そしてなんと『探幽縮図』には、山口玄蕃頭(げんばのかみ)宗永という、思いもよらぬ名前が書き込まれております。

私なんぞもほとんど知識のなかった武将ですが、玄蕃頭は天文１４年(１５４５年)の生まれと言われ、ちょうど浅野長政らと同世代の豊臣秀吉の家臣でした。
　
　
例えば、江戸後期の加賀藩士（富田景周）が加賀・越中・能登の地理歴史をまとめた『三州志』には、山口玄蕃頭について「山口本姓ハ多々良也。周防大内介ノ族ニシテ防州ニアリ。義隆滅亡ノ後秀吉公ニ仕ヘ秀秋ノ後見トナル」とあるそうです。

大内義隆が陶隆房の謀反で死んだのは天文２０年ですから、それは玄蕃頭がまだ幼い頃のことであり、それからどのようにして秀吉に仕えたのか、４６年も後の慶長２年に小早川秀秋の付家老となって大聖寺城（大正持城）の城主になるまで、その間の経緯があまり分からない、ナゾ多き人物と言っていいでしょう。

玄蕃頭が関ヶ原戦の西軍方として戦死した大聖寺城址 ／ 天守台かと見まごう本丸の櫓台跡

ただ、その『三州志』には「賦斂(ふれん／税の取り立て)ヲ重クシ金銀ヲ貪(むさぼ)リタレバ領民窮スト云」ともあって、ここからはおのずと、玄蕃頭とは「検地」に巧みな豊臣政権の官僚だったのでは？… という想像力がわいて来ます。（→秀吉の直轄領での検地に活躍した、との話もあるそうですので。）

そして結果的に、玄蕃頭は金銀を大聖寺城に溜め込んだことがあちこちの文献にあるそうで、「家族が城を落ちのびるとき、多量の金銀を持ちきれず、大聖寺川に棄てたという巷説がある。その場所が、今の新橋のあたりだと、幼いころ父から聞いたことを想い出す」と、『聖藩文庫蔵 山口記』を発行した加賀市立図書館の東本進館長が同書で解説しておられます。

ならば、そんな山口玄蕃頭が、もしも『探幽縮図』のとおりに、聚楽第の中に屋敷を与えられていたとすれば、どのあたりが相応しいのでしょうか。

そして、謎解きのもう一つのヒントが「前乃(野)但馬屋敷」？？

正直申しまして、こちらの部分に何と書いてあるのか、ちょっと自信が持てないのですが、ひょっとすると「前乃但馬屋敷」と走り書きしたようにも見えまして、正確にはどうなのでしょうか？

―――が、いずれにしましても、上記の玄蕃頭の件と考え合わせれば、これはもう聚楽第の本丸の内であるはずがなく、やはり「別郭」を想定して描いたのだと思わざるをえません。
　
　
ということは、結果的に、前回からご覧いただいた『探幽縮図』『聚楽第図屏風』『聚楽第行幸図屏風』『聚楽第鳥瞰図』に共通して描かれた ＜ 櫓 群 ＞ というのは、実際のところは、本丸の東面や南面の堀際の櫓群ではなくて、まるで違う別郭の景観を “コンバートして” 描き込んでしまった疑いが出て来るのではないでしょうか。…

（※次回に続く）

※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

“続報――『探幽縮図(たんゆうしゅくず)』がなかなかに興味深い” への144件のコメント

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