秀吉が遺した十尺間の天守台とは？？

十尺間（丈間）の「破格の天守」とは？ 100件のコメント

秀吉が遺した十尺間（丈間）の天守台とは？？

『２００８年冬季リポート』は、天下人・豊臣秀吉の居城の天守は、すべて十尺の柱間（はしらま）で建てられていたのではないか、との仮説から出発しております。（※釈迦に説法ながら「柱間」とは柱と柱の間の寸法のこと…）

で、この十尺という柱間（「十尺間」／約３ｍ）は、武家の建築としては在り得ない、破格の寸法の柱間でした。

例えば十尺間の建物でいま一番有名なものと申せば、京都御所の正殿「紫宸殿（ししんでん）」でしょうが、紫宸殿は代々、天皇の「即位の礼」など朝廷の公式行事が行われて来た、御所の中心的な建物だからです。

すなわち十尺間というのは、天皇や公家の居館「寝殿造（しんでんづくり）」で主に使われた柱間であり、武家の建築がせいぜい六尺五寸間（２ｍ弱）か七尺間（２ｍ強）であったことに比べれば、格段の差があって、言わば至上の「階級」を体現する柱間でした。

そして城の天守において、最大の柱間と言えば、織田信長の安土城天主や徳川家康の駿府城天守などの「七尺間」であったというのが、城郭研究の世界での「ゆるぎ無い」定説でしょう。

ところが現実には、関白太政大臣の豊臣秀吉が 朝鮮出兵を行った際の本営、佐賀県の肥前名護屋城の天守台跡には、その天守が「十尺間」を採用していた可能性を示す礎石が遺されているのです。

肥前名護屋城跡


天守台跡


天守台上（整備後の現状）



（『２００８冬季リポート』より）

ご覧の礎石群が明らかになったのは、県立名護屋城博物館が平成６～９年に実施した発掘調査においてですが、今年は、それからすでに十年以上が経過しております。

その間、この破格の柱間をもつ天守について、城郭研究の世界では、なかなか判断を下せない状況が続いてきたと申せましょう。つまりそれだけ「十尺間の天守台」というのは、日本の伝統建築の常識や学問にそぐわない、危険極まりない「異端の物証」なのです。
　
　
城郭マニアの一人として、この状況をずっと外野から眺めてきたのですが、当リポートをお届けするにあたっては、外野から石を投げて風穴を開けるのも一興ではないか、と思いたった次第です。

そして、もしも関白太政大臣（秀吉）の天守がすべて「十尺間」で建てられたのなら、天守とは必ずしも、武家の伝統建築の延長線上に出現した建築ではないのではないでしょうか？

現に、安土桃山時代まで、武家屋敷には天守のごとき「高層建築」は存在しなかったわけですし、天守とは、下克上の最高潮たる「織豊政権」の出現と、その政権の性格（天下人の出自 … いわゆる「貴種」の生まれでない天下人が率いる、天下布武を標榜した政権）に深く根ざした建造物ではなかったかと、強く思われてならないのです。…

（※ちなみに十尺間は、十尺が一丈にあたるため、俗に「丈間」とも呼ばれました。）
　

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