図解！安土城天主に「八角円堂」は無かった

安土城天主 195件のコメント

図解！安土城天主に「八角円堂」は無かった

前々回から話題の安土城天主の「八角円堂」問題や、その代案としての「十字形八角平面」については、やや立体的な説明が不足したまま、話を進めてしまったようです。

今回はその反省から、可能な限り “図解” を交えて、新解釈『天守指図』の二重目から六重目までを一旦、総括してみたいと思います。

静嘉堂文庫蔵『天守指図』／原資料に忠実な図は？

『天守指図』の７重分の平面図のうち、池上右平による “加筆” ではなく、加賀藩にもたらされた「原資料」に比較的忠実と思われる図は、ご覧のような一部分に過ぎない可能性をご説明してまいりました。

そこから本来の各重を色分けしてみますと…

新解釈『天守指図』の天主台と二重目

新解釈『天守指図』の三重目

新解釈『天守指図』の四重目／各部屋の想定位置

「四重目」は以前の記事で「三重目とほぼ同じではないか」と申し上げましたが、そのすぐ上の五重目が屋根裏階として描かれているため、四重目の主要部分が屋根裏（五重目）より広い、ということは物理的にありえません。

そうした条件を反映したのが上の「四重目」案であり、その図上に『信長記』類に記された各部屋のおおよその位置を想定してみました。

若干の部屋割りの変更は必要になるものの、これで面積的には十分に納まりがつきます。

新解釈『天守指図』の五重目と六重目

そして問題の「六重目」は、五重目の中心部に建ち上がった “十字形八角平面” であって、“八角円堂” は存在しなかったと思われます。

この十字形八角平面は、眺望のための中国建築の様式（抱廈／ほうか）を南北に採用したもので、安土城天主はさらに城下町を一望できる設備として、西側に大規模な廻縁（まわりえん）を設けていたようです。

仙台城 城下を一望した「本丸懸造」ＣＧ（復元：三浦正幸）

余談ながら、ご覧の仙台城は “天守の無かった城” として有名ですが、ただし本丸の断崖絶壁から城下町を一望する書院建築「本丸懸造（かけづくり）」がありました。

この城は言わずと知れた伊達政宗の居城であり、同じく東国の雄・佐竹義宣の久保田城（秋田県）も「御出し書院」という、天守の代用とされた建築が、本丸の切り岸の上に建てられました。

このように、城主のために城下町の眺望を確保することは、あるべき「天守」の機能の一つであったようで、その原点は、あるいは安土城天主の六重目ではなかったかとも思われるのです。

新解釈『天守指図』の七重目

さて、新解釈『天守指図』の仕上げとして「七重目」をお示しせざるをえないのですが、例えばご覧のような、いびつな平面形であったように思われるのです。

最大の理由は『信長記』類の「上七重め 三間四方 御座敷之内皆金也」という記述の中の、「座敷」という言葉の（中世建築における）意味なのですが、詳しくは次回、改めてお話させていただきたいと存じます。

そして話題はいよいよ、安土城天主の立面（横から見た姿！）を検討するプロセスに入ってまいります。

　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

“図解！安土城天主に「八角円堂」は無かった” への195件のコメント

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