続・正倉院宝物が根こそぎ安土城に運び込まれるとき

安土城天主 176件のコメント

続・正倉院宝物が根こそぎ安土城に運び込まれるとき

わが国の “歴史そのもの” であるような正倉院の宝物を、織田信長は根こそぎ持ち出し、完成した安土城天主に収蔵するつもりだったのではないか、という話を申し上げておりますが、今回は具体的に、どのように収蔵できたかを見てみましょう。

まず問題になるのは、宝物を納めた「辛櫃（からびつ）」の形や大きさ、そして織田信長の時代に数はいくつあったか、という点が重要です。

四脚形式の「辛櫃」イメージ画

関根真隆先生の「正倉院古櫃考」（『正倉院の木工』１９７８所収）によりますと、正倉院で使われた奈良時代の櫃（いわゆる古櫃）は現在、数が１６６あるそうです。

（※そして奈良時代の後に増えた櫃は、徳川家康による新調など、主に江戸時代以降のもので、したがって信長が目撃した櫃の数は、奈良時代と大きくは変わらなかったようです。）

その古櫃は、形が７種類ほどあるものの、四脚形式の「辛櫃」が１１２と最も多く、大半を占めています。

ただし、大きさは大小の差がかなりあって、例示されている寸法では、大きいものほど横長のタイプになるようです。（※下はフタを取った身のサイズ）
　
　
　　　　高さ　　　　　短側　　　　　長側
　大：６９cm　　　７８．５cm　　１５２．５cm　（九五号）
　小：２９．８cm　５３cm　　　　８２．５cm　　（五九号）
　
　
（関根真隆「正倉院古櫃考」／『正倉院の木工』１９７８所収より）

全体を平均すれば身・高さ四〇～五〇、身・短側六〇～七〇、身・長側九〇～一〇〇の見当になろうかと思われる。（中略）ただ蓋の高さはおよそ六～八センチくらいである。
　
　
関根先生の「見当」の大きい方の数字をひろって、高さ５０ｃｍ、短側７０ｃｍ、長側１００ｃｍを全体の平均値としてみますと、そうした辛櫃一つが専有する床の面積は７．８平方尺です。

そこで仮に、古櫃の数「１６６」で掛け算をしてみますと、合計約１３００平方尺となり、これは『天守指図』中央部の４間×６間に対して（二重目～四重目の３重分で）床の占有率３７％となり――

計算上は一つの辛櫃に対して、周囲の床がそれぞれ辛櫃二つ分のスペースしかないことになり、ちょっと狭苦しい感じで、作業に何かと支障が出そうです。
　
　
むろん脚が無いタイプや小さな櫃は重ねて置いたようですが、基本的に「櫃」はコンテナのようなものですので、蔵の中にピッチリ詰め込んでしまうわけにはいかず、ある程度のスペースが必要です。

その点、占有率３７％は数字の上では余裕があるように見えますが、要は、信長自身が正倉院の中を目撃して、どう判断したかが問題であり、やはり（前々回申し上げたとおり）床面積を “座布団一枚分しか差がない” ほど調整して建てた点は見逃せません。

したがって、安土城天主の「蔵」も正倉院と同じに内部２階建て、すなわち各重に “中二階” のような床を設け、倍の床面積を持たせていたと考えた方が良さそうです。

大洲城天守の「吹き抜け」階段室（二間四方）

さて、そこで再び大きなヒントを与えてくれるのが、大洲城天守の階段室です。

『天守指図』にもこれと似た形の二間四方が描かれていて、安土城天主の「蔵」にも同様の階段室があったのでは？ と以前の記事で取り上げた場所ですが、実は、ここにはもう一つ、チョット不思議な特徴があるのです。

同階段室を階下から見上げて撮った写真

先の写真を階下から見上げた様子で、ご覧のように、二間四方の階段室と言いながら、実は「踊り場」がずいぶんと長く取ってあり、そのため下の階段は二間四方より外側で下階の床に接地しているのです。

同階段室／「踊り場」の上から撮った写真

さらにこのアングルから見ますと、せっかくの太い梁（はり）が分断されている様子がよく分かりますが、考えてみますと、こんなに踊り場を長く取らずに、もっと手前でスッと下階に降ろしていれば、わざわざ太い梁を断ち切る必要も無かった（！）ように見えます。

ところが “梁の分断” は復原の元になった雛形にあるもので、主柱と踊り場を優先させた結果であり、三浦正幸先生が「柱を横方向につなぐ梁などの部材が少なく、構造的には欠陥があった」（『城のつくり方図典』２００５）と指摘したほどのリスクを犯して設けられたものです。

つまり「主柱と長い踊り場」という形はそれほど重要だった…？　何故でしょう？？

ここに、実は、安土城天主の蔵 “中二階” のヒント（遺伝子）が隠れているのではないでしょうか。

踊り場から横にそれて “中二階” へ？

問題の踊り場から、ご覧のように、真横にそれて進んだ場所に床を設け、各重をそれぞれ二階分として使うことが出来れば、先程の占有率はいっきに１８％に低下して、辛櫃はそれぞれ、周囲に辛櫃とほぼ同じ幅の床をゆったりと持つことが出来ます。

かくして、大洲城天守の不思議な構造は、安土城など萌芽期の天守のなんらかの遺伝子が残ったものであり、それを逆算すれば、安土城天主の二重目～四重目の中心部には、六段に及ぶ収蔵庫が、蜂の巣のようにギッシリと重なり、正倉院宝物の到着をひそかに待っていた、という可能性も考えられるのではないでしょうか。…

（次回に続く）

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