コンクリート天守を追認してきた文化財保護法に対する“そもそも論”を少々

コンクリート天守の木造化・小田原城 168件のコメント

コンクリート天守を追認してきた文化財保護法に対する “そもそも論” を少々

初めに、今回の話題はあくまでも「コンクリート天守の寿命とその後をどうするのか」という件に関してだけ申し上げたいのであって、決して、文化財保護法そのものについて、何か口をはさむほどの能力や資格は、私なんぞには微塵(みじん)もありません。

ただ、この先、よもや文化財保護法が、凍結保存（現状維持を貫く規制）という建て前から、結局、コンクリート天守を “守る側” につくのではあるまいか？ という重大な危機感を、日本人の一人として、ひたひたと感じているがゆえの心配事と申し上げておきましょう。
　
　
　
＜必要なら何でもあり、を許した岐路が「コンクリート化」だった＞
　
　

コンクリート天守のある、国指定史跡（特別史跡を含む）を挙げてみると…

いやはや、これだけのビッグネームが日本列島に並んでしまうことに、改めて愕然(がくぜん)としますが、ご覧の城跡の中には、国の史跡としての指定が、コンクリート天守を建設しようという地元の気運を高めたケースもあったようです。

つまり史跡の指定が先だったか、コンクリート天守の建設が先だったかは両方のケースがあり、そのどちらにしても「国指定の史跡である」ことと「コンクリート天守がある」ことの間には、大した問題点は指摘されなかったわけです。
　
　
そもそも「史跡」の指定というのは、私の地元の八王子城がかつて虫食いのような開発行為で荒らされた一件のごとく、一般的には、貴重な遺跡を開発行為から守るためになされるそうで、史跡の意味を分かりやすく示す役目もあるものの、文部科学省が公表した「史跡」の指定基準には、ちゃんと次の一文があるそうです。

（特別史跡名勝天然記念物 及び史跡名勝天然記念物指定基準 より）

「我が国の歴史の正しい理解のために欠くことができず、かつ、その遺跡の規模、遺構、出土遺物等において、学術上価値あるもの」
　

御存じ！ 特別史跡・名古屋城の天守の、
吹き抜けらせん階段、最上階の土産物店、来館者用エレベーター


同じく特別史跡・大阪城の、「近代建築」として延命改修された天守閣
→コンクリート天守は歴史遺産の一部として着々と固定化しつつある


一方、２００４年に木造再建された大洲城天守の内部
需要や要望があっても、この中にエレベーターや土産物店まで置こうという話にはならない…

史跡の「正しい理解」とは何なのか、天守（天守閣）に関して、暗澹(あんたん)たる気分になることが多いのは、私だけでしょうか。

申し上げたいのは、ここはもうコンクリート天守なんだから、エレベーターが必要なだけあっていいし、最上階に土産物店でも何でもあっていいじゃないか、という風にハードルがどんどん下がり、開き直りに近い状態まで「正しい理解」がすり替わって来た側面があるのではないか、という点です。

もしも本物の天守の中に、土産物店をつくれば、それは間違いなく「開発行為」でしょう。

そして今後、上記の地図上のコンクリート天守が続々と寿命を迎えても、大阪城の「近代建築」という妙案に習えば、現状そのままの姿で、延命化の新しい技術でどんどん “凍結保存” が出来てしまうのかもしれません。

これはもう、言わば、終わりのない悪夢です。

それもこれも、必要なら何でもあり、を許した重大な岐路（＝あやまち）が「コンクリート化」だったのではないでしょうか。
　
　
　
＜そもそも「天守」に対する国民的な無理解が、同じ伝統建築の中でも
　大きな「あつかいの差」を生んで来たのでは…＞
　
　
　
ここで少し観点を変えて、例えば名古屋城天守の木造化に反対される意見の中に、「戦災に合った市民感情として二度と燃えないコンクリート天守を望んだのだ」というものがあります。

これについても、私に言わせていただけるなら、被災した市民感情という発端は理解できますし、焼け落ちる天守の姿も痛ましかったことと察しますが、それでも「コンクリート天守」という結論に至るまでには、無意識のうちに、余計なフィルターが何枚もはさまっていたのではないでしょうか？？

端的に申せば、もしも戦災で焼けたのが法隆寺や東大寺、金閣や銀閣であっても、それらを「二度と燃えないように」鉄筋コンクリート製で外観だけ復元しよう、内部は大阪城天守閣みたいに資料館にしよう、などという結論になったでしょうか。

そうはならなかったはず、という確信に近い想像ができる一方で、天守については同じ条件での議論は不可能だったと感じます。

「天守閣なんて、お大名の見栄っ張りだったんでしょ」
「昔のものでも軍事的な建物や支配の象徴に血税を使って欲しくない」
「どうせ観光目的の客寄せなんだから」
「敗戦国は経済優先でいいんだよ」 等々 等々

この問題の底辺には、天守というものに対する、世間の圧倒的な無理解や打算（経済的・政治的な思惑）が根強く介在していて、その結果、耐火性が真に追求される住宅・オフィス・娯楽施設とは異なるはずの「天守」が、伝統建築の中でも、極めて大きな「あつかいの差」を受けて来たと感じられてならないのです。
　
　
さて、文句ばかり申し上げてもしょうがないので、希望的な談話として一つ、ご覧になった方も多いとは思いますが、『文化庁月報　平成24年7月号(No.526)』の一文を振り返ってみます。
　
　
史跡の現地保存，凍結保存，及び復元について
文化財部記念物課長　矢野和彦
「3.　史跡の復元について」より部分引用

復元建造物は，遺構を損壊したり，史跡自体のオーセンティシー（真正性）を害することが明らかではない限り，ただでさえ表現力の弱い史跡を分かりやすくして，国民，市民の理解を得て，保存やマネージメントをもっとやりやすくしようという，文化財保護の一つの積極的な試みに他なりません。
もちろん，元々天守閣がなかったのに天守閣を創建する，というようなことは論外ですが，地下遺構が残され，瓦，礎石，柱の一部などが残存するなどの発掘調査結果やこれまでの学術成果の結果を踏まえたり，近世以降の城郭であれば，絵図面，写真，工事記録等に基づいて，史跡を復元するのは，もちろん「慎重に」という形容詞付きですが，「あり」だと考えています。
　
　
ならば「コンクリート化」という禁断の領域に手をそめてしまった城は、現状をどうして行けばいいのでしょう。

よもや天下の文化財保護法が、今後の「コンクリート天守の木造化」をはばむ役回りに、結果的になってしまう、などという事態は、本末転倒以外の何ものでもありません。

ですから、仮に百歩譲って申し上げるなら、国指定史跡のコンクリート天守が「昭和遺産」等々の名目で保全改修がきく間は見逃したとしても、その後は、それこそ文化財保護法の名にかけて、最低限、「コンクリート等による再々建は断じて許さない」!! という強力な枠組みが不可欠なのでしょう。

せめて今世紀の前半までには、こんな状態は根絶すべきだと思うのですが…

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

“コンクリート天守を追認してきた文化財保護法に対する“そもそも論”を少々” への168件のコメント

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