加藤先生の新刊本はまたも、いろいろと別の考え方をインスパイアさせてくれる本でした

安土城天主 128件のコメント

加藤先生の新刊本はまたも、いろいろと別の考え方をインスパイアさせてくれる本でした

ご覧の表紙の帯イラストは、背景に描かれた安土城天主が、おなじみの三浦正幸先生の監修ではあっても、これまで各誌に登場した「佐藤大規復元版」ではなくて、新しい「中村泰朗復元版」（→同書１４１頁に立面図あり／昨年末にリニューアル発売のペーパークラフトもあり）のようです。

ですが、それが炎上前の白煙があがった演出なのか、ちょっと分かりにくいイラストになってしまったのは何故なんだろうと、ページを開く前から読み手の関心を誘ったのが、加藤理文先生の新刊本『織田信長の城』でした。

【ご参考】講談社の同書ＰＲサイトからの引用（→上記の表紙の原画でしょうか？）

この「中村泰朗復元版」は同書の立面図などをご覧いただくと、さらによく分かるのですが、天主の建物の構造に、当サイトがずっと主張して来ました「十字形八角平面」（→関連記事＜安土城天主に「八角円堂」は無かった！＞）を部分的に採り入れたもののように見える辺りが、私なんぞには、実に興味津々の復元案なのです。
　
　
――― が、そんな前置きはさておき、加藤先生の新刊本は、織田信長が生まれた城・勝幡城から最後の安土城までを網羅しつつ、表紙の帯キャッチどおりに、信長が「権力の象徴」に込めた政治的意図を解き明かすことに注力した、かなりの意欲作だと感じ入りました。

しかも、またもや加藤先生の本らしく？ 別の考え方もあれこれとインスパイアさせてくれる部分が多々あり、今回は例えば安土城の章から、そういう印象的なくだりの一部を、私なりの独善的チョイスで恐縮ですが、是非ともご紹介してみたく存じます。
　
　
　
＜その１．一瞬、思わずノケゾッた、
　　　　　安土城「大手道」は山から下りるための “退出用の道” !!？＞
　
　

安土山の南斜面にある「大手道」／ 次の写真の図では番号１の道

同書に掲載された城内通路の図 ／ 番号３が百々橋口(どどばしぐち)道

（加藤理文『織田信長の城』より）

『信長公記』（天正一〇年正月一日）には、＜隣国の大名・小名御連枝の御衆、各(おのおの)在安土候て、御出仕あり。百々の橋より惣見寺へ御上りなされ＞と、近隣諸国の大名や小名、織田家一門の人々が、百々橋口から登って来たことが記されている。
年頭の挨拶の出仕であるため、正式な通路を使用することが当然で、百々橋口→摠見寺→伝黒金門→本丸御殿対面の間というのが正式ルートと判明する。
（中略）
『信長公記』の記載から、百々橋口道(番号３)は摠見寺参拝ルートとして、町衆の往来可能な道だったことが判明する。
では、百々橋口から上がった町衆は、どこに下りたのであろう。
「死人が出るほどの混雑」と記されている以上、道は一方通行であったとするのが当然で、町衆は百々橋と接続する大手道を下るのがもっともわかりやすい。
つまり、大手道は町衆の往来も可能な道だったことになる。大手門は、見つからないのではなく存在せず、常に開口していたのである。
　
　
！―― 安土城の「大手道」と言えば、発掘調査で姿をあらわした当時はセンセーショナルな報道もなされ、安土城で織田信長が計画したと伝わる幻の天皇行幸では、この大規模な石段こそが、天皇の乗る鳳輦(ほうれん)がしずしずと登る「行幸道」になったはず、などと言われたものでした。

しかし、数々の城郭踏査の経験から “理詰め” で迫る加藤先生は、そんな可能性を全否定しておられ、大手道とは家臣や町衆も通る「往来」であって（※千田嘉博先生は一族や重臣の屋敷地をつらぬく連絡用の道としましたが…）城内の「正式ルート」としては、なんと！山から下りるための “退出用の道” だと解釈されたのです。
　

思わず私なんぞはイスからずり落ちそうになりましたが、すぐさま、それならば、小牧山城にある「大手道」もまた、正式ルートでは “下りるための退出用の道” なのか!?? と、にわかには納得しがたい気持ちでいっぱいになったものの…

しかし、そこで、いや待てよ… と考えてしまうのが私の悪いクセでありまして、これは信長自身の大手道の使い方としても、ひょっとすると、ひょっとするな、と。

登場したトップスターが先頭で降りて来る、タカラヅカの大階段

（※写真は織田信長役でも知られる月組・龍真咲の「Fantastic Energy!」より）

さて、どうでしょう。

「大手道」の機能としては、どうしても「登る」方に関心が行きがちであったわけですが、加藤先生の解釈はその呪縛(じゅばく)をとくきっかけになるかもしれず、上記の天正１０年の正月参賀の件は特殊な用例だとしても、それ以外の普段の機能を考えれば、山頂の “聖域” に住まう天下人の信長が、山麓に居並ぶ兵たちの前に姿をあらわす時に、その姿が見えやすい直線道の部分が（言わば花道として）とりわけ大規模に整備されたのだ… と考えられなくもなさそうです。

これは逆転の発想として実に面白いものの、一方では、城のなかの「直線的な城道」の機能については、過去に当ブログでも一、二度申し上げたように、例えば近江八幡城や犬山城などにある直線道との比較（→重臣屋敷の二ノ丸・三ノ丸の類いを経由しないバイパス道の効果 →専制的な領主の位置づけ）も必要ではないかと感じておりまして、果たしてどうなのでしょうか？？

【ご参考】大手道を下りる時の目線で見た南側山麓の風景
→ 木々が繁茂していなければ、向こうからも良く見えたはず!!!

　
　
＜その２．伝二ノ丸を奥御殿のうちと解釈しつつも、
　　　　　三浦正幸先生風の階段(きざはし)を採用したため、
　　　　　その奥御殿に天皇の御座所「御幸の御間」があったことに……＞
　
　
　
これからご紹介する部分の面白さを伝えるためには、当ブログを昔からお読みのような方々は百も承知の事柄でしょうが、安土城・主郭部の御殿の配置をめぐる研究者間（分野間？学界間？）のケンケンガクガクの大論争をもう一度、思い出していただく必要があります。

はじめに―― 通称「伝本丸」「伝二ノ丸」「伝三ノ丸」などの位置

Ａ【考古学】発掘調査を担当した安土城郭調査研究所の御殿配置案

Ｂ【建築史】三浦正幸先生による御殿配置案（『よみがえる真説安土城』を参照）

Ｃ【城郭考古学】千田嘉博先生による御殿配置案（『信長の城』の文意から作成）

ご覧のとおり、それぞれの配置案をまずは「表」(公・ハレ)と「奥」(私・ケ)の領域の違いで確認しておきますと、結果的には、奇しくも、Ａ案（安土城郭調査研究所／藤村泉・木戸雅寿両先生ら）とＣ案（千田嘉博先生）がともに、伝本丸や伝三ノ丸の御殿が「表」にあたり、天主や伝二ノ丸の御殿が「奥」になるという解釈で一致しておられます。

しかもＣ案の千田先生は、天主台西側の足下にピッタリ寄り添った不思議な礎石列は「外観上、天主と接合しているように見えた「懸(か)け造(づく)り建物」であった」(歴史発見vol.２)と推定され、その点ではＡ案の木戸雅寿先生も「天主の張出しも考えられる」(よみがえる安土城)と同様の発想で一致していて、手前味噌ながら当サイトもまた「懸け造り舞台」を想定してイラストに描いた経緯があります。

画面右下隅が「懸け造り舞台」→銅板包みを想定して青く描いた
（※なお、手前に降りて来る連絡橋の足下の石垣面には「寄せ掛け柱」も描いた）

そこで注目の加藤先生のお立場なのですが、奇しくも、７年前の当ブログ記事で『信長公記』天正１０年の正月参賀のルートを話題にしたおりに、三浦正幸先生監修『よみがえる真説安土城』掲載のルート案をトレースして例示したのが下記の図なのですが、このルート案じたいを作成したのが、他ならぬ加藤先生だったのです。

このルート案では、表(ハレ)と奥(ケ)を横断して、天主以外はくまなく巡ったことに…
（※お馬廻衆・甲賀衆の見学ルートの場合）

ですから加藤先生は当然、三浦先生(Ｂ案)がその本で主張された、例の不思議な礎石列の上には「当時、日本最大の木造階段(階/きざはし)があり」とする説を大前提として、このルート案を作成した経緯をお持ちであったわけで、そうした経験などから自説を導き出され、今回の新刊本にも反映しておられます。
　
　
（加藤理文『織田信長の城』より）

前掲の『信長公記』の記載で、中枢部の建物配置を考える際、もっとも重要な手掛かりは、＜階道をあがり、御座敷の内へめされ、忝(かたじけな)くも御幸の御間 拝見なさせられ候＞である。
御幸の御間へは階段を上がって行ったことが判明する。
この記述から、「御幸の御間」は伝二ノ丸南虎口の存在する平坦面から階段を上がった場所に位置していたことになる。
　
　
という風に、加藤先生は階(きざはし)案を支持しつつ、一門衆・大小名の見学ルートで言えば、その階(きざはし)で北側の石垣を乗り越えた先の伝二ノ丸に「御幸の御間」があった、と説明されるのですが、何故そこまで階(きざはし)案を支持するかと言うと…
　
　
（上記書より）

（不思議な礎石列のうちの）東側の礎石列Ａに沿って天主台に柱が焼けた黒色の痕が残されていたため、ここに斜めの柱があったとの説もあるが、石垣に押し当てて設置してある柱が焼けた場合、通常黒色ラインが残るのではなく、焼け残って柱部分のみ白く残るはずである。
ここで見られた黒色ラインは、焼けた柱組みが東側に倒れ、石垣に寄り添って燃えたための事象と理解される。
　
　
という理由で、天主台石垣に残った黒い柱状の焼け焦げは、懸け造りのための寄せ掛け柱ではなくて、階(きざはし)が燃えて倒れかかった結果だと説明されるのですが、そのようにして天主台にピッタリ寄りそう階(きざはし)があり、その先の伝二ノ丸に「御幸の御間」があったとする一方で、加藤先生は、伝二ノ丸は（天主を含めて）信長の居所の「奥御殿」だとも説明するのです。

（※そして伝本丸が正式な対面を行なう政庁＝南殿の「表御殿」、伝三ノ丸が行事等を行なう紅雲寺御殿の「会所」に相当する、と。つまり「表」と「奥」の領域の解釈はＡ案やＣ案と同じになるのですが…）

――― ということで、この新刊本では、信長自身と家族の居所の「奥御殿」に、天皇の御座所「御幸の御間」があったとしていて、それで具体的にどう使ったのだろうか？… と、やはり心配になってしまいますし、『信長公記』の階(きざはし)の先に「御幸の御間」を含む「御座敷」があった、との記述を重視する考え方も分からないではありませんので、どう受け取ったものか、頭をかかえていますと、例の不思議な礎石列について…

（同書より）

礎石列Ａ、Ｂの南端で若干位置がずれる二個の礎石（22、23）も確認されている。（中略）南側一間分の軸のずれは、南側の櫓と通路との取り合いの関係が推定される。

ふと見れば、加藤先生の礎石列の説明文には、上記の一文がさり気なく加えられていて、すなわち、例の礎石列は南端の一間のうちに、すでにわずかながら “角度を変えている” とおっしゃるのです。！…

これは実に些細(ささい)な現象でありながら、城郭踏査を重ねた加藤先生ならではの注意力（ある種の違和感の察知）ではないかと感じまして、このこと（※三浦案では無視）を注視して行きますと、礎石列は逆に、南側の櫓との関係性（接続!?）がクローズアップされて来て…

【またもやインスパイアされた仮説】
もしも「懸け造り」の柱の間を登る階(きざはし)が、真逆の南側!!へと登る形で櫓内に至り、
さらに多聞櫓を通じて、伝本丸の御殿群の各所に至る複数のルートがあった、とすると…

→ フロイスが記した「この城の一つの側に廊下で互いに続いた、自分の邸とは別の宮殿」
の「一つの側」とは？？

フロイス『日本史』にある「一つの側」は普通に読めば、主郭部の東半分という意味であろう、とこれまで多くの方々が受け取って来たものの、ご覧のようにしてみますと、「一つの側」が原文ではどこにかかる “修飾語” だったのか、分からなくなる感じもしてまいりまして、こんなことまで加藤先生の観察眼からインスパイアされてしまうところが、この本の不思議な魅力なのです。

（→もちろん本の全体の論旨は、信長が「権力の象徴」に込めた政治的意図を解き明かすことに、最大限の力が注がれております）

ちなみにご覧の配置図は、千田先生のＣ案をベースにさせていただきまして、それと言いますのも、千田先生の配置案には言外の大きなメリットが隠れているからです。

そのメリットとは、このように文献上に名前のある御殿がすべて、主郭部の東半分で “処理” できるなら、西側の伝二ノ丸は「奥御殿」ではあっても、そこには、これまたフロイスが記録した「広大な庭」の懸案の居所(いどころ)も推定できる、という多大なメリットに他なりません。
　
　
… 最後に、例の礎石列の西列で焼け残った壁材が見つかったという件がやや気になるものの、加藤先生は「壁材（厚さ約三〇センチ）は、礎石16上の炭化柱材の前後、南北方向で立ったままの状態で検出。」「北側西面（13～16の間）に片開きの戸が設置されていたと考えれば、検出遺構と矛盾なく解釈が可能である」とも説明していて、南向き！の内部階段への「入口」はきちんとクリアできそうです。

※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

“加藤先生の新刊本はまたも、いろいろと別の考え方をインスパイアさせてくれる本でした” への128件のコメント

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