続報・本当に窓が無い？安土城天主の七重目

安土城天主 206件のコメント

続報・本当に窓が無い？安土城天主の七重目

香川元太郎著『日本の城［古代～戦国］編』１９９６年

多彩な活躍で知られる香川元太郎先生は、かつて著書の中で「近年では、安土城研究家の数だけ復原案があると言っても過言ではない」との名言（嘆息？）をお書きになっています。

かくいう当ブログも前回、七重目には窓（狭間戸）がちゃんとあり、逆に、廻縁にでる「戸」が無く、そのために “見せかけの欄干” がめぐっていた？ という自説を、厚かましくも紹介させていただきました。

新解釈『天守指図』の七重目

この草創期の安土城天主にして、すでに “見せかけの欄干” があった、という当説には、どこか違和感を覚えた方もいらっしゃるように思われますので、今回は「織田信長の以前の天守はどうであったか」を是非ご覧いただきましょう。

岐阜城天守推定復原図（西側立面）／復原：城戸久

当ブログで度々ご紹介しています城郭研究のパイオニア・城戸久先生は、織田信長時代の岐阜城（山頂）天守の復原に取り組み、ご覧のような立面図を発表しました。

以来、これが山頂の天守について、最もオーソライズされた復原像と見なされています。
　
　
この復原作業に際して最も重要な史料とされたのが、岐阜城が廃城となった後に、その南に築城された加納城の「御三階」櫓の絵図でした。

城戸先生は天守の代用とされたこの「御三階」を、信長時代に由来する岐阜城天守の移築（および改築）と考証し、立面図のような復原に至ったのです。

中でも最上階の縁や匂欄（高欄）は、その加納城と「丸岡城」の天守を最も参考にしながら、復原作業を進めたそうです。

加納城『御三階の図』望楼部分（片野記念館蔵）

丸岡城天守の望楼内部／腰高の「中窓」で外側の縁には出られない構造

（城戸久『名古屋城と天守建築』１９８１より）

最上層の外部周囲に縁、匂欄をめぐらせた例は犬山・丸岡・広島の各城にみられる。
ことに丸岡城は中窓となっており、（復原作業は）加納城図記入の「内敷に四・六尺」から同じように中窓としたが、（加納城が）異なる点は図の縁、匂欄が南北のみにあって東西になく、華頭窓になっていることである。
この点少し疑問であるが、図の華頭窓を尊重すると彦根城のような例もあり、また中窓で廻縁を有する丸岡城もあるので、おそらく当初は完全な廻縁があったとみなし、丸岡城と同じ手法としたのである。

（※カッコ内は当ブログの補筆です。／また「内敷に四・六尺」は、窓辺の内敷の棚まで高さ４．６尺、約１３９ｃｍという解釈のようです）

このように実は、城戸先生の岐阜城天守において、すでに、床からある程度の高さのある「中窓」のため、廻縁は “見せかけの欄干” と考えられていたわけです。

そうした最上階の様子は、冒頭の香川元太郎先生が、同じ著書の中でイラストレーション化していて、まことに恐縮ながら、その一部分を引用させていただきたく存じます。

岐阜城 山の上の天守（イラストレーション：香川元太郎）

ご覧のとおり、この廻縁は実際には出ることが出来ない構造であり、もちろん「戸」は無く、しかも床は畳敷き（座敷）として描かれています。

こうした復元が真実であるなら、“見せかけの欄干” は信長にとって、もはや使い慣れた馴染みの設え（しつらえ）であったわけです。

次回も、安土城天主の七重目について、ある興味深い復原模型をご紹介いたします。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
にほんブログ村 歴史ブログ 戦国時代へ
※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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