実在した「もう一つの吹き抜け」

安土城天主 225件のコメント

実在した「もう一つの吹き抜け」

前々回から安土城天主に “ある種” の吹き抜け空間（高さ１２間余の蔵）が存在した可能性をご紹介していますが、今回は、実在したもう一つの吹き抜けの例を見ておきましょう。

それは小松城（石川県）の実質的な天守であった「本丸御櫓」です。

小松城 天守台跡

現存の天守台上にあった「本丸御櫓」は、規模こそ格段に小さな数奇屋風の建築でしたが、丹羽家（長秀の子・長重）と前田家（利家の子・利常）という、安土城天主と濃密な関係にあった大名家と “二重に” ゆかりのある建物でした。

そうした「本丸御櫓」の詳細は、例えば松岡利郎先生の論考（喜内敏編『金沢城と前田氏領内の諸城』所収）が参考になり、まさに安土城天主の復元のためのヒントが “満載” された建物だったことが分かります。

そこで上記の本にある復元アイソメ図をもとに、模式図を作ってみました。

小松城「本丸御櫓」模式図／当図は一階の奥が玄関

（松岡利郎／『金沢城と前田氏領内の諸城』所収「小松城の建築」より）

建物の規模が小さいわりには天守の代用をなすものであり、極めて興味深い構成をとっていたことが知られる。ことに中央部の石之間が二階まで吹き抜けとされて、その上に透し彫りの格天井を張ったあたりは特異なもので、安土城天主に見られる手法を思わしめるものとして注目される。
　
　
ご覧の「石之間」の真上には、まったく同じ位置、同じ広さで、三階「上之間」の御座敷（八畳）がありました。

しかも「石之間」は何に使われた空間なのか記録が無いようで、となると、このスタイル自体が、御座敷の “格式を示すための様式” だったのかもしれません。

（松岡利郎「小松城の建築」より）

小松城本丸御櫓は前田利常の建立にかかるものと見なされ、かつその前身が丹羽長重の天守であったと伝えられるところから考えると、丹羽・前田両家はともに織田信長に仕えてきた家柄であるから、あながち無関係とはいいきれまい。とりわけ、丹羽長重の父長秀は信長の安土築城にあたって普請奉行をつとめた人物であったことは見逃せない事実である。
（※ちなみに前田家は話題の池上右平が仕えた大名家です）
　
　
では、安土城や小松城において「吹き抜け」と「最上階」「蔵」は、それぞれどういう関係にあったと考えるべきなのでしょう？

そうした疑問を整理するヒントが、本丸御櫓の最大の注目点でもある “厳密に区分けされた登閣ルート” の存在ではないかと思われるのです。

（松岡利郎「小松城の建築」より）

二階の左右両室は「側二階」として、たがいに分かれているうえに三階との連絡はついていない。
　
　
図ではやや分かりにくいかもしれませんが、一階奥の玄関から入ったすぐ両脇に、左右の部屋に入るための引戸があって、それぞれを入ると目の前に「側二階」に上がる専用の階段がありました。

そして「側二階」は、玄関から石之間を経て（図では手前の）裏口まで続く通路によって、左右（東西）に分離されていました。

さらに「石之間」から三階「上之間」に直接上がる専用の階段室もあり、これら三つの登閣ルートはそれぞれ完全に独立していて、玄関付近で別れた後はもう連絡することが無かったのです。

この不思議な階層構造は、一見、何を目的としていたのか想像も出来ませんが、もしかすると、安土城天主の「高さ１２間余の蔵」が何か影響を与えた結果なのではないでしょうか？

安土城天主の「蔵」空間は周囲から隔絶されていた？

と申しますのは、（前回の記事のとおり）専用の階段室があった「蔵」空間も、実は、周囲の居室空間と隔絶した構造になっていて、小松城と同じように、別々の登閣ルートを進む形になっていた、と考えられるかもしれないからです。

しかも、そう考えますと、例えば村井貞勝らの天主拝見を記録した『安土日記』には「高さ１２間余の蔵」がまるで登場しないという不思議さ…　つまり貞勝らは、行きも帰りも居室空間を通って、七重を昇り降りしたからである、という謎解きの可能性も出てくるのです。

ならば何故、織田信長は重臣に「蔵」を見せなかったのか？ という疑問は、この一連の問題の核心に迫るポイントなのかもしれません。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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