会津若松城と大坂城、二つの楼閣の不思議なめぐり合わせ

豊臣大坂城・石山本願寺城・徳川再建大坂城 161件のコメント


会津若松城と大坂城、二つの楼閣の不思議なめぐり合わせ

左の絵は「大坂冬の陣図屏風」に描かれた豊臣大坂城の、本丸（詰ノ丸）奥御殿の楼門形式の玄関と遠侍と思われる建物で、これは当サイトの「リポートの前説」（一番上のバナー）でもご紹介したものです。

そして右の写真は、豊臣秀吉が国内平定の総仕上げ「奥羽仕置」を行うべく下向した地・会津若松城で、本丸御殿内に建てられた「御三階」という楼閣の現在の姿です。
これは幕末の戊辰戦争で会津が落城したのち、近くの阿弥陀寺に “ある改造” を施して移築され、当時は本堂として使われたそうです。

（※会津若松城の唯一現存する建物）

二つはいずれも唐破風屋根の入口があって、見た目にも似たところがありますが、今回はこの二つの楼閣の “人知を超えた” めぐり合わせについてのお話です。
　
　
では最初に「リポートの前説」の文章を思い出していただくため、是非その部分をもう一度、ご覧下さい。
　
　
【疑惑】屏風絵の本丸奥御殿は１８０度回転している

屏風絵の本丸奥御殿には、鎧をまとった豊臣秀頼が描かれています。
その周辺の殿舎の並び方を仔細に眺めてみますと、それらは中井家蔵『本丸図』の奥御殿を、東西が逆になるように、１８０度回転した形で描いていることが分かります。

『本丸図』と照らし合わせれば、建物の名称も分かります。
すなわち秀頼のいる御殿が「小書院」であり、その奥には屋根に煙出しのある「台所」があり、左側の大きな屋根二つが「広間」と「対面所」です。
さらに左側の桧皮葺の楼閣は、織田有楽斎ゆかりの正伝院楼門と同形式の玄関と「遠侍」であり、辺りは南庭の路地、数寄の空間につながっていたことまで分かります。
　

そうした屏風絵の操作を図解しますと…（中井家蔵『本丸図』の同じ範囲で／ともに左方向が北）

ご覧の図のように、上記の文章で申し上げたのは、大坂冬の陣図屏風は諸資料を「合成」して描かれていて、特に奥御殿の周辺は、『本丸図』を１８０度回転させた形で描かれているのではないか… という疑惑です。

で、もしそのとおりならば、屏風絵に北向きで描かれた玄関付きの楼閣こそが、『本丸図』奥御殿の「遠侍」に他ならないことになるわけです。

ということで、奥御殿は、正式にはこの南の楼閣（楼門）から御殿にあがる形だったと思われるのですが、ここで留意すべきは、『本丸図』（青堀）ではこれらの殿舎がオレンジ色に色分けされている点でしょう。

２０１０年度リポートではオレンジ色は「建替え新築」を意味したのでは… と申し上げました。

では何故、この周辺にオレンジ色が集中しているのか？ と考えますと、あえて大胆に申せば、これらは秀吉の築城以前の、織田信長が命じた丹羽長秀（にわ ながひで）在番時代にさかのぼる、城内で最も古い殿舎群だったのではないでしょうか？

そして大改造の頃には、それらは（少なくとも）築２０年近くを経ていたため、建替え新築になったのではないかと……。

で、ご注目いただきたいのは、チョット細かな描写で恐縮ですが、「遠侍」の唐破風の玄関だけはオレンジ色ではなくて濃い黄色（つまり「移築」？）で色分けされた点です。

これをグググッと深読みしますと、ひょっとすると、丹羽長秀の在番時代は、玄関は西側の台所？の側にしか無かったのではないでしょうか…　

つまりそこが丹羽長秀の「旧遠侍」であり、秀吉の築城を経て、大改造のおりに、その「旧遠侍」玄関の由緒ある唐破風屋根を、「建替え新築」した南側の「新遠侍」にコンバート（移築）したのではないのか……

それらはもちろん大改造の目的、＜南に大手を付け替える＞という狙いに合わせた措置だったのではないかと……

マニアックな妄想もほどほどにしろ、と言われかねませんが、しかし次の会津若松城の場合を見ますと、そうとばかりも言えないのかもしれません。

右の阿弥陀寺「御三階」は、実際には、正面の唐破風屋根がもともと「御三階」にあったものではなく、城の本丸御殿「内玄関」にあったものを寺が譲り受けて、このように付設したものだと言われています。

（※「大書院玄関」と表現される場合もあるようです）

高瀬家蔵「若松城下絵図屏風」に描かれた本丸御殿の玄関と御三階

したがって阿弥陀寺の楼閣は、会津若松城の殿舎のポイントとなる部分を、幸運にも、二つも受け継いだ建築物だと言えそうなのです。

こうしたカニバリズム的な措置は伝統建築にはよくあることでしょうが、いっそう興味深いのは、その会津若松城の原形と思われる豊臣大坂城でも、「内玄関」という場所は、文献に度々登場して来た場所だということです。

例えば『落穂集』には、慶長４年、徳川家康が登城して秀頼母子に対面したとき、帰りに「大台所」の「大行燈」（おおあんどん）を供の者に見物させて「内玄関」から出て帰ったという記述があります。

（『落穂集』より）

此大台所ニ之有る弐間四面の大行燈は外ニ之無き者也。供の者共に見せよとの仰ニ付、備後守承られ中の口に出て御供中を同道して参られ候へば、各各御見せ遊され、夫（これ）より直に内玄関へ御出遊され、御供中を召連られ御旅館へ御帰遊され候と也。
　
　
ここにある「大台所」「中之口」「内玄関」は『本丸図』ではどこに当たるのか？と探してみますと、秀頼母子との対面は奥御殿（の御対面所）で行われたとも言いますので、その場合…

この時、家康は千畳敷に戻る廊下（いわゆる「百間廊下」か）をたどらずに、その前をわざわざ「右の方へ」曲がって、大台所の大行燈を見たいと言い出したそうです。

これは慶長４年（秀吉の死の翌年、関ヶ原の前年）という微妙な時期で、家康が暗殺者の気配を感じて打った大芝居だ、という説もあって、上記の引用の「直に内玄関へ御出遊され」というのは、早く建物外に出るために取ったとっさの行動で、そうして家康主従が集団で通った「内玄関」とは、まさに屏風絵の楼閣の玄関であったのかもしれません。

ちなみに右の「御三階」の玄関に光り輝いているのは、会津松平家の会津葵（あいづあおい／丸に三つ葉葵）の紋です。

会津若松城と大坂城… と言えば、もちろん “最後の将軍” 徳川慶喜と松平容保らの大坂城脱出行の一件も想起されます。

…… 明治時代に阿弥陀寺への移築を行なった関係者が、そこまで意図していたとは思えないのですが、この二つの楼閣はいずれも、故ある「内玄関」を伴った楼閣のようなのです。
　

※ぜひ皆様の応援を。下のバナーに投票（クリック）をお願いします。
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※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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