名案か! !【天守「木造化」宝くじ】の創設は
費用をどうするのか?…国指定史跡のコンクリート天守の木造化
前回の記事では、コンクリート天守群がこのまま歴史的に固定化してしまう危険性を申し上げましたが、これらを全て「木造化」していくには、木材や技術者の件はもちろん、それに先立つ「費用」の面が、もはや並大抵の努力では解決困難なレベルになりつつあるとも申せましょう。
中でも飛びぬけて大きく、高価なヒノキ材を使う名古屋城天守が342億円(再建中の本丸御殿の2倍以上)と試算されたのは記憶に新しく、その他の天守については、話題の小田原城もまだざっくりとした額しか言われておらず、その小田原を上回るはずの五重天守群はどの程度になるのか全く分かりません。
そんな段階でありますが、費用の捻出(ねんしゅつ)方法に関して、昨年12月の小田原城シンポジウムで、ちょっと耳寄りな話が出ましたので、今回の記事はそれをお伝えしてみたいと思います。
「平成の駿府城をつくる会」の宮城島弘正(みやぎじま ひろまさ)代表理事
(※清水市長時代の写真より)
当日のパネリストの一人、宮城島さんは、かの駿府城天守の再建運動のいきさつ(※地元で再建への気運が高まったものの、収集できた資料類を検討委員会が史実への忠実性は低いと評価し、現段階での再建はすべきでないとの結論に至った)を踏まえたお話をされました。
その中で、今なお運動は継続中として「費用については、宝くじがいいのかもしれない」と発言され、会場からホーッという反応を得ました。
まさに自治体首長の経験がある宮城島さんらしいアイデアであって、ご本人いわく「宝くじは率がいい」からなんだそうです。
宝くじと天守。一見、ほど遠い間柄であり、また市民運動がベースになる木造再建を話題にして来た中では、いささか“邪道”のように聞えますが、実は、我が国の歴史をふり返りますと、これに似た手法は、100年以上にわたって行われて来たという事実があります。
谷中感応寺 富くじ興行 の絵(江戸名所百人一首より)
(※ご覧の絵はサイト「江戸落語の舞台を歩く」様からの引用です)
ご存じのとおり、日本の宝くじのルーツは江戸時代の「富くじ」でして、それがどのように行われていたかと言えば、基本的に、寺や神社の修復費用を集める目的で発売されたのでした。
概略を申せば、江戸初期、徳川幕府は大阪で流行し始めた「富くじ」に一旦、禁令を発したものの、やがて寺社に対してのみ、建物の修復費用調達の手段として「富くじ」の発売を許したそうなのです。
それ以後、上記の絵に描かれた谷中の感応寺、目黒の瀧泉寺(目黒不動)そして湯島天神の発売する富くじが「江戸の三富」として人気を博し、この手法が、幕末の天保の改革まで続きました。
ということですから、もしも今後、天守の木造化など、伝統建築を修復する「宝くじ」が登場したなら、それは邪道どころか、むしろ日本の歴史にならった、最も正統的な「宝くじ」とさえ言えそうなのです。
現在の全ての「宝くじ」は法律で地方自治体が発売元。
なんと発売総額の41%が自治体の公共事業へ
(平成23年度/宝くじ公式サイトのグラフを引用)
では現代はどうかと言えば、宮城島さんが「率がいい」とおっしゃったのは、ちゃんと法律のねらいに基づいた運営がされているからで、法律(当せん金付証票法)には「地方財政資金の調達」が目的だと明記されているそうです。
そのため、いわゆる払い戻し率(当せん金総額の割合)は五割を超えてはならない(!…)とも規定されているそうで、発売する側に「率がいい」のは当たり前のシステムになっています。
ちなみに、宝くじ公式サイトの収益金充当事業一覧(都道府県別)を見ますと、収益金が様々な事業に使われている姿は多少分かるものの、どの宝くじがどの事業に当てられたか?といった細かな追跡はできない状態です。
何故なら、例えば全国自治宝くじの収益金は、合算して各県に、ジャンボ売上げ成績に応じて!分配されるとかで…
使い道が明らかな変り種としては、
一昨年に宮崎県など4県が共同発行した「口蹄疫復興宝くじ」
… わずか10日間の全国発売で、23億7000万円を売上げた
果たして宮城島さんは、どういう規模や内容のものをイメージされているのか分かりませんが、もしもこの先、天守の木造化に決意を固めた各県や政令指定都市が、総務大臣の認可を経て、共同で、何十年もかけて、地道に発売をして行けたならば、それこそ思いのほかの満願成就(まんがんじょうじゅ)も夢ではないのかもしれません。
仮称【天守閣「木造化」宝くじ】で、大小様々の新しい木造天守が日本列島に並ぶのか
<「市民運動」と「宝くじ」という、まるで異質な二つの手法。
宝くじ収益金で出来た天守に、市民からの深い愛着はわいて来ない!?… >
さて、問題は、小田原の「みんなでお城をつくる会」がすでに寄付金の募集を始めているように、現状の基本は、コンクリート天守を抱えた市民が <自分達の手で全国にほこれる天守を造りたい> という意識や市民運動にあるのに対して、そういう動機と宝くじが合い入れるのだろうか、という心配でしょう。
世間ではふつう、宝くじの収益金で出来た道路や橋などに、特別な思い入れを感じる人は少ないでしょうし、むしろ心の底では「ラッキー…」という他力本願な感覚をおぼえる方です。
また、宝くじの発売元になれるのは、実際には都道府県か政令指定都市であるという点も、市民の動機がストレートに結びつかない(もう一段の政治判断がはさまる)のかもしれません。
このように宝くじにはいくつか欠点があるものの、この先、アベノミクスがどうなろうと、従前の地方財政のままでは、殆どのコンクリート天守は “無期限の凍結保存” “安全のための利用制限” しか将来の道がないようにも感じます。
そんな状況下では、宝くじの制度的なパワーは大きな魅力ですし、ここは江戸時代の先人達の知恵に学びつつ、一方で、小田原モデルの「地産地消」という幅広い業種の市民が関われるスタイル(林業・木造建築・観光業など)を加味すれば、宝くじの “無機質さ” をいくらかでも救えるのかもしれない、と私なんぞは思うのですが…。
駿府城公園の近くの神社境内にある看板の絵(画:渡辺重明)
天守の描き方は、内藤昌先生の復元を微妙にアレンジしているようで…
さてさて、最後に今回の発案者・宮城島さんが取り組んでおられる駿府城天守ですが、当サイトも厳しい見方をさせていただいたように、やはり復元のための具体的な根拠の問題が、依然として横たわっています。
ではありますが、何とかして早期にその問題をクリアして、駿府城(静岡県か静岡市)が共同発行などに加われるよう、是非とも、発案者の宮城島さんに力を発揮していただきたいものです。
【お知らせ/2013年度リポートは「駿府城天守」をテーマに作業中です】
年も明けてからこんなお知らせをするのは不格好と思いつつ、昨年中のブログ記事の流れも尊重しますと、やはりここで「駿府城天守」にケリをつけておくべきでは?という思いを強くしました。
そこで新リポートは、以下の内容に変更して鋭意、作業中です。
【仮題】最後の「立体的御殿」としての駿府城天守
二重目高欄からの眺望は全周360度!
~朱柱と漆黒の御殿空間をビジュアル化する~
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