探査で判明した聚楽第「外堀」は、まだ櫓等が完成していなかったとすれば…

肥前名護屋城・聚楽第・広島城・清須城・小諸城・佐和山城・福山城 202件のコメント

探査で判明した聚楽第「外堀」は、まだ櫓等が完成していなかったとすれば…

もう一回だけ、聚楽第の話題を続けさせていただきたいのですが、前回、絵画史料に共通して描かれた ＜ 櫓 群 ＞ というのは、ひょっとすると本丸の東面や南面の堀際の櫓群ではなくて、まるで違う別郭の景観を(コンバートして)描き込んでしまったのではないか… などと申し上げました。

では、どこの景観なのか？ とお感じになった方もいらっしゃるかと思いますので、今回は私なりの腹案を申し上げてみたいと思います。その場合、気をつけたい事柄としては…

話題になった聚楽第の「外堀」は、まだ未完の状態？？
例えば、南東側の浅い凹みは「その時まさに掘を掘っていた途中」のようで…

（※ご覧の図は京都新聞「聚楽第に未発見の外堀　京大、表面波探査で判明」に掲載の図を引用）

二番目の明暗をつけた図は、当ブログの記事ですでにご覧いただいたとおり、外堀全体の配置をよくよく見ますと、南面（＝太閤・豊臣秀吉のいた伏見城の側）の工事が後回しになっていて、これは外堀がまさに “造成途中” であったことを感じさせるものです。
　
　
ということは、当然、これら外堀の堀際に「櫓」の類いは、どこまで完成していたのだろうか？ という疑問も出てこざるをえないのではないでしょうか。

そういう観点から、さらにご覧いただきたいのは…

個人蔵『京都図屏風（洛中洛外地図屏風）』に描かれた聚楽第の痕跡 → 内堀だけ!!

これも有名な絵画史料の一つであり、上記の探査結果がでる以前は、これによって聚楽第のおおよその形を、本丸と南二ノ丸・西ノ丸・北ノ丸から成るものだと想定していたわけですが、今日、改めてこの屏風絵を見ますと、「どうして、きれいに内堀だけが残ったのか…」という新たな疑問を感じてしまいます。

この屏風は元和６、７年（１６２１、１６２２年）か寛永元年（１６２４年）の制作と考えられるそうですから、聚楽第の取り壊しが始まった文禄４年から数えて、２０数年でここまで変わってしまったことになります。

ためしに探査結果の図を、東西・南北の比率をやや変えてぴったりとダブらせますと、問題の「外堀」があっという間に埋められて、市街地に変貌して行った様子が、ありありと想像できます。

破却開始から２０数年で、どうして外堀だけが、跡形もなく消えて、いちはやく市街地化したのか？ という風に改めて考えてみれば、やはりそれが“造成中”だったから、埋めやすかった（※残土も土塁用にちゃんと残っていた）のではないか、という想像をたくましくしてしまうのです。
　

……ならば『探幽縮図』の原画は、いったいどこの景観を描いたのか

さて、以上の事柄を踏まえた場合には、ご覧のように石垣の堀際に櫓群を連ねた曲輪というのは、どうしても、本丸か南二ノ丸、西ノ丸、北ノ丸のいずれかを想定せざるをえなくなってしまいます。

そこで、一つの参考事例としてご覧いただきますのが…

前田育徳会蔵『聚楽城古図』より

本丸の北側部分を拡大してみれば…

！ これは城の描写が非常に簡略化されていて、なおかつ、そこにある人物名を見ますと、やはり参考資料にとどめなければならないものなのでしょうが、そんな側面をあえて差し引けば、「山口玄蕃頭」という人物の位置づけ―――すなわち、増田長盛や石田三成と並ぶほどの豊臣政権の幹部として、当時の人々に認知されていた可能性をうかがわせるようにも見えます。
　
　
そして、その名前がある部分（二ノ丸？の北西部分）を見ますと、そこは文禄２年に「北ノ丸」が新造された範囲に含まれるのか否か、微妙なところでしょう。

北ノ丸と言えば、かつて櫻井成廣先生は「北の丸は『駒井日記』文禄四年四月十二日の条に「北丸御袋様に八木（米の事）千石」の文字が見出されるから、当時関白秀次の母智子（後の瑞竜院日秀）の邸が此の郭に存在したに相違なく、従って彼女の来住以前には秀吉の母大政所が居たのではあるまいかと類推出来る」(『豊臣秀吉の居城』)とまで指摘していて、そこに山口玄蕃頭の屋敷があったとは、ちょっと考えにくい場所ではあります。
　
　
それでは、同じく「北ノ丸」がまだ無い状態を描いた、もう一つの資料では…

幕末の画家・名倉希言が書き上げた『豊公築所聚楽城跡形勝』より

なんと、こちらの有名な資料では、同じあたりが加賀少将（前田利家）邸とされていて、こんなチクハグな状態に至った背景を私なりに想像しますと、前々回から申し上げて来た ＜『聚楽第図屏風』のコラージュの悪影響＞ がまたここでも “悪さ” を働いて、混乱を助長させたのではなかったのか… と思わず邪推してしまうのです。

かくして、ここでも金雲を使った強引な押し寄せがあり、加賀少将邸の本来の位置はずいぶんと違っていた可能性を含めまして、以上の事柄のすべてを勘案した【仮説】を、この際、お目にかけたいと思うのです。

【本日の結論】 絵画史料に共通した＜櫓群＞というのは、実は、「北ノ丸」の景観なのでは!!？

（※内堀・外堀の状態は京都大学防災研究所の復元図に基づいて作成）

仮説としてここで申し上げたいのは、山口玄蕃頭の屋敷が本当に「北ノ丸」にあったと言うのではなくて、あくまでも絵図や伝承に基づいた絵師の「見立て」として、このような視点が設定されつつ「北ノ丸」を前景とした景観が（聚楽第を代表して）描かれたのだと仮定しますと、その他の絵画史料との共通性や間違いの伝播（伝染）についても、ある程度、合理的に解釈して行くことが可能なのではないでしょうか。

では、どの絵画史料が一番先で、どれが一番正確なのか、と言われますと、こうした仮説の上に立つなら、『探幽縮図』で本丸からポツンと離れて天守らしき建物が描かれたのも、当ブログ仮説の「加賀少将邸四重櫓」ならば、前田邸の伝承が残る福本町か加賀屋町のいずれであっても、まさにそのように見えた!! ことでしょうから、（※この屏風絵全体は聚楽第の東西南北と行幸の行列との方角が合わなくなるものの…）『探幽縮図』原画の聚楽第の描写じたいは、かなり有力な候補に思えて来てならないのです。

おそらくは、こうした視点から描く『探幽縮図』の原画などが最初に現れ、続いて本丸御殿を強調するためのコラージュ画として『聚楽第図屏風』が作られ、その後に、それらの櫓群（実は北ノ丸）と本丸御殿を踏襲して、城絵図を加味した『聚楽第鳥瞰図』の類いが制作されたのでは… と勝手に想像しているのですが、果たしてどうなのでしょう。？？

※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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