大名屋敷の面積や伝承地名をふまえて清書(リライト)すると…

肥前名護屋城・聚楽第・広島城・清須城・小諸城・佐和山城・福山城 341件のコメント

大名屋敷の面積や伝承地名をふまえて清書(リライト)すると…

前回、この一回だけ、と申し上げておきながら、記事のラストでお見せした「合体図」が、あのままほおってはおけない代物(しろもの)であったようで、下記のごとく見づらく、判然としない状態では、何が問題なのか、ご説明することもままなりません。

そこで今回は、ご覧の『諸国古城之図』(山城 聚楽)は大名の名の当て字が多く、なおかつ屋敷地の場所も違うのでは？と指摘される部分があるものの、それらはひとまずこのままにして、明らかな書き間違いと思われる「細川中越守」「有馬法印」「牧野民部」の三箇所だけ、それぞれ「細川越中守」「前田法印」「牧村民部」と訂正して清書してみますと…

ご覧の図は、前回の説明どおりに、足利健亮先生の思い切った聚楽第「外郭」ラインに沿う形で、堀川と天守台の位置を合わせつつ『諸国古城之図』をはめ込んだものであり、本丸の周辺は『諸国古城之図』のままにしてあります。

このように清書してみて、一見して気になる問題は、大名屋敷の面積が、どれも本丸に比べてけっこう大きいのではないか？ という点でしょう。

とりわけ「三好孫七郎(後の豊臣秀次)」「大和大納言(豊臣秀長)」「(徳川)家康公」の三つの屋敷地は、面積で本丸を上回ってしまい、不自然さがいなめません。
　
　
文献の記録に照らせば、徳川家康邸は『小牧陣始末記』に「浮田ガ屋敷向カハ三軒ヲ一ツニシテ可進トアリテ是ヲ被進。何レ二町余有リシトナリ」という風に、豊臣秀吉が特別に「二町余」の広さを与えたことが書かれていて、さらに豊臣秀長邸と同じ広さにせよ、と命じたとも伝わっています。

「二町余」と言えば、六尺間の場合、二町(２１６ｍ)×一町(１０８ｍ)と少々という意味ですから、図の左下の２５０ｍスケールを参照いただくと、家康邸も秀長邸も明らかに大きすぎるようです。
　
　
そこで、そこでなのですが、前回に申し上げた「鉄(くろがね)門」は、当図では黒門通と下長者町通の交差点の東側になり、ほぼ正確な位置に来ているようですから、ここで思い切って、当図の下長者町通から下の部分を、縦に（南北に）半分強ほどのサイズに縮めてみることにいたします。

! !　図の下の方がガバッと空いてしまいましたが、これならば、家康邸や秀長邸は文献どおりの広さになりますし、さらに大名屋敷街の中央の通りを広くとれば、黄色く下地を塗った「浮田宰相」「脇坂中務」「加藤左馬助」の三大名（宇喜多秀家・脇坂安治・加藤嘉明）の屋敷がちょうど、かつての浮田町・中書町・左馬殿町の位置に、うまく三つ並んで合致することになります。

したがって、前回に申し上げた「家康公」邸と二条城の位置は離れてしまうものの、この方が大名屋敷の面積と伝承地名をふまえるなら、より正しい姿であろうと言わざるをえないのです。…

そしてこの場合、「金吾中納言(後の小早川秀秋)」ただ一人が、面積で本丸に匹敵する形になり、これは聚楽行幸の際、諸大名の起請文の差出し先が「金吾中納言」宛てであって、この時点では秀吉の後継者と見なされていたことと符合するようでもあります。

さて、そもそもこの図は『諸国古城之図』どおりに、本丸と南二ノ丸(馬出し曲輪)の南側に広大な空地がありますが、これについては『川角太閤記』に、秀吉が小田原攻めの凱旋の祝賀として、あの「金配り」を「三の丸の大庭」で行なったとありまして、櫻井成廣先生は「広い空地が描かれているがこれこそ有名な金配が行なわれた二町の白洲と思われる」(『豊臣秀吉の居城』)と解釈しました。

しかも面白いことに、林羅山の『豊臣秀吉譜』では「金配り」のやり方として、二町の範囲に金銀を台に積み上げ、秀吉自身はその「門戸(本丸虎口？)」の側に座り、秀長はその「東」側に座って!! 金銀の配布を受けたと書いてあり、どうやら秀長は、自らの屋敷の前に陣取っていたようなのです。

かくして文献ではこの場が「三の丸」と伝わっているため、当ブログは『諸国古城之図』の問題の黒い太線を、仮に「三ノ丸築地塀」と呼ばせていただくことにしたいと思うのですが、あえて築地塀としたのは、二代目の豊臣秀次がこの太線の内側にわざわざ「外掘」を掘ったのは、それが防御面ではやや弱い築地塀だったからに他ならないと感じるからです。
　
　
さて、この図でもう一つ申し上げたいのが、有名な「日暮(ひぐらし)門」の正体です。

これまで「日暮門」と言えば、その美しさが聚楽第の門で第一と言われ、「聚楽城の巳(み)の方に有て南にむかへる門也。其(その)工(たく)み美々しく、見る人立さらで日をくらす故、名付たり。今の日暮通は其門ありし筋とかや」(『菟芸泥赴(つぎねふ)』)といった具合に、現在の日暮通の名の由来になり、おそらくは聚楽第の内城の南門（正門）であろう、などと言われて来ました。

しかし私なんぞは、上記の文献の「聚楽城の巳(み)の方に有て」という部分が、どうも引っかかるのです。 と申しますのも、もう一度、図をご覧いただくと…

ご覧のとおり、今やどう頑張っても、現在の日暮通を、聚楽城（地中探査で判明した本丸）の位置の巳（み＝南南東かそれよりやや東）の方角に持って来ることは出来そうにありませんし、また日暮通そのものが本丸や南二ノ丸の「門」にぶち当たるとも思えませんから、ここはむしろ、あっさりと、日暮門とは、本丸の南南東にあった「大和大納言」邸の御成り門!! と考えた方が、解決が早いのではないでしょうか？

そう考えますと、図のごとくに、現在の日暮通が鍵の手にまがる位置で御成り門＝日暮門を想定できそうですし、秀長は天正１５年８月にすでに大納言に昇進していましたから、ここに華麗な四脚の唐門があっても不思議ではありません。

しかも上記文献の「南にむかへる門也」という書き方は、ひょっとすると、その意味は、南に向かって入る門、つまり北側が門の表であった、とすれば、まさに本丸からやって来る兄・秀吉を迎えるために、秀長は諸大名の模範となるべく、日本初の？豪華絢爛な「御成り門」をここに構えたのだとも思えて来るのです。

それでは、この図の最初の疑問点 → 南側のガラッと空いてしまった範囲は、いったい何だったのか？というお話ですが、ここは決して空地ではなく、大名屋敷か、町家か、何かがぎっしりと詰まっていたことは間違いなさそうです。

そう考えるヒントとして、前出の櫻井先生は「南方二条城の南隣には最上町がある。そして伊達家の古文書によると最上邸は伊達邸の次であったことが分かるから、伊達政宗邸の位置は今の二条城の東部に当ったのであろう」(『豊臣秀吉の居城』)と推理しておられ、したがって最上義光は、残念なことに「外郭」の外に押し出されていたと言うのです。
　
　
ならば、伊達邸のほかは何だったかと言うと、同書の「脇坂、加藤左馬、長宗我部、早川等は皆水軍の将であったから聚楽南部は水軍諸将の邸が集っていたことになる」という指摘は、何らかのヒントになるのかもしれません。…

では、そんな櫻井先生の著書の指摘をすべて加味し、また同書に掲載の『聚楽第分間図』(『諸国古城之図』と同種でありながら若干異なる）もふまえて、もう一度、図を修正しますと…

櫻井先生の著書にしたがって、名前や境界線を修正すると…（黄緑色が修正箇所）

きっと、これでも詳しい方がご覧になれば、色々と問題があるのでしょうが、今回、最後に申し上げておきたいのは、この後、天正１９年の「京中屋敷替え」による大名屋敷の大規模な移転と、文禄２年の「北ノ丸」新造についてであり、どちらも二代目・豊臣秀次の関白就任（聚楽第の城主）や二度目の天皇行幸と同時期のことで、無関係の事柄ではないでしょう。

それはとりわけ「北ノ丸」新造が、以上の築城プランの全体像に、少なからぬ変更を強いたように感じるからでして、ただ単に本丸北側の屋敷を“どかせばいい”では済まなかった事情（→慢性的な屋敷地の不足）を想像すると、より大きな改造計画に付随した普請であったようにも感じるからです。

【ここで最終の修正図】
森島康雄先生が想定する「京中屋敷替え」後の大名屋敷地区（青枠）を加えてみれば…
（※京大防災研究所による内堀・外掘も図示しました）

ご覧の大名屋敷の移転例を示した「矢印」のごとく、天正１９年「京中屋敷替え」の結果、おそらく秀吉時代の大名屋敷街は、スカスカに抜けて、空地だらけになったことが想像されますし、そんな築地塀の内側はやがて、ことごとくが二代目・秀次の「外掘」でつぶされたことになります。

ですから昨年、京大防災研究所チームが明らかにした「外掘」と、ご覧のように縦長の本丸を囲った「内堀」というのは、そもそもが一連の、秀次時代の “聚楽第改造プラン” による城構えだったのでは… という気もして来るわけです。
　
　
で、森島康雄先生の研究(『豊臣秀吉と京都』他)によれば、新たな大名屋敷地区が軒瓦までキンキラキンになったのも天正１９年以後、つまりは秀次時代のことだった!! という再認識が不可欠のようで、以上の結論として、聚楽第とその周辺は、二代目の秀次のときに、本丸を縦長に拡張しつつ、二重の堀で城構えをギュッと凝縮(ぎょうしゅく)させ、そのかわりに、内裏(だいり)とつながる街路の方へ大名屋敷を追いやり、そこを大量の金箔瓦でまばゆく変貌させたようなのです。

――― つまり、ある意味、秀次は関白の「城」兼「政庁」として、聚楽第が本来やるべきことをやっただけ、という風にも見えるものの、そんな果敢(かかん)な秀次の行動は、結局、裏目に出てしまったのかもしれません。

※当サイトはリンクフリーです。
※本日もご覧いただき、ありがとう御座いました。

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